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Questions and Answers

Which part of the colon is affected in the given patient's CT scan report?

  • Transverse colon
  • Ascending colon
  • Sigmoid colon (correct)
  • Rectum

    • What is the Mayo method used for?

  • Inguinal hernia (correct)
  • Femoral hernia
  • Esophageal hernia
  • Diaphragmatic hernia

    • What is the most appropriate management for the patient with diverticulitis?

  • Sigmoid resection with primary anastomosis
  • Percutaneous drainage and antibiotic therapy (correct)
  • Sigmoid resection with end stomy
  • Cystoscopy

    • What is an indication for TACE?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a tension-free method for hernia surgery?

    <p>Lichtenstein's method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Lichtenstein method?

    <p>Open inguinal canal repair using a plastic mesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about peptic ulcer disease and gastrointestinal erosions?

    <p>Cameron's ulceration refers to confluent lesions in the duodenal bulb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are duodenal ulcers usually located?

    <p>First part of the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is most at risk of developing a diverticulum?

    <p>People with low-fiber diets and a positive family history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

    <p>Duodenal ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-choice surgical approach for a unilateral inguinal hernia?

    <p>Open surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction?

    <p>Adhesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is calcitonin a specific marker for?

    <p>Medullary thyroid carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom would suggest damage to one recurrent laryngeal nerve in a patient after thyroid surgery?

    <p>Hoarseness and difficulty pronouncing words like 'Warszawa' and 'Kraków'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done for a patient with tingling, numbness around the mouth, and anxiety after thyroid surgery?

    <p>Calcium preparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication for endoscopic bile duct stenting?

    <p>Jaundice and duodenal obstruction related to inoperable pancreatic head cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of anal abscess is the least common?

    <p>Supralevator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of stomach cancer?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the treatment of an incarcerated abdominal hernia is true?

    <p>Hernia removal may involve the risk of damaging the contents of the sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most valuable method of locating the parathyroid glands before surgery?

    <p>Scintigraphy using MIBI labeled with the isotope of technetium 99mTc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication after surgical treatment of esophageal cancer?

    <p>Pulmonary complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

    <p>Aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms are typical of nodular goiter?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a typical symptom of nodular goiter?

    <p>Exophthalmos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During pregnancy, which of the following statements about appendicitis is true?

    <p>The incidence is comparable to that in nonpregnant women matched for age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common non-obstetric surgical disease of the abdomen during pregnancy?

    <p>Cholecystitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in older people?

    <p>Angiodysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

    <p>Chronic kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ulcerative colitis is true?

    <p>It involves the mucosa and submucosa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of failure to normalize platelet count after splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of appendiceal perforation?

    <p>Increased chance of premature labor and fetal mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about secondary hyperparathyroidism is FALSE?

    <p>It is always an indication for surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard in the diagnosis of diverticulitis?

    <p>CT scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the procedure of choice in the treatment of diverticulitis?

    <p>Hartmann procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for a boil in the right parietal area?

    <p>Evacuation of the necrotic plug and purulent contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anesthesia is suitable for partial removal of the nail of the first toe of the right foot in paronychia?

    <p>Local infiltration anesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of mechanical intestinal obstruction?

    <p>Wave-like abdominal pain, gas and stool retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important measure to prevent thromboembolic complications?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of mechanical intestinal obstruction?

    <p>Wave-like abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a symptom of mechanical intestinal obstruction?

    <p>Increased white blood cell count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hernia

    • The Mayo method is performed for inguinal hernia
    • Tension-free methods for hernia surgery include Bassini's, Lichtenstein's, and Shouldice's methods
    • Surgical treatment of inguinal hernia using the Lichtenstein method involves open inguinal canal repair using a plastic mesh

    Colorectal Surgey

    • The sigmoid colon is a common location for diverticulitis
    • Management of diverticulitis may include percutaneous drainage and antibiotic therapy
    • Sigmoid resection with end stomy or primary anastomosis may be necessary in some cases
    • Indications for TACE (transarterial chemoembolization) include hepatocellular carcinoma, isolated metastasis to the liver from carcinoid tumors, colon cancer, and breast cancer

    Peptic Ulcer Disease

    • Duodenal ulcers are usually located in the first and second parts of the duodenum
    • Cameron's ulceration refers to confluent lesions in the duodenal bulb with the character of multiple erosions
    • Risk factors for diverticulum include low-fiber diets, chronic constipation, and a positive family history, with incidence increasing with age

    Laparoscopic Surgery

    • Laparoscopic access is not the first-choice surgical approach for achalasia of the esophagus
    • Indications for laparoscopic surgery include unilateral inguinal hernia, gallbladder stone, acute appendicitis, and gastroesophageal reflux unresponsive to pharmacological treatment

    Intestinal Obstruction

    • Mechanical intestinal obstruction is most commonly caused by adhesions and most frequently involves the small intestine
    • Symptoms of mechanical intestinal obstruction include wave-like abdominal pain, gas and stool retention, and hyperkalemia

    Thyroid Surgery

    • Calcitonin is a specific marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma
    • Damage to one recurrent laryngeal nerve after thyroid surgery may cause hoarseness, difficulty pronouncing words, and change in voice quality and strength
    • Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia may cause tingling, numbness around the mouth, and anxiety, which can be treated with calcium preparations

    Pancreatic Cancer

    • Jaundice and duodenal obstruction related to inoperable pancreatic head cancer are indications for endoscopic bile duct stenting

    Appendicitis

    • The incidence of appendicitis in pregnant women is comparable to that in nonpregnant women matched for age
    • Appendicitis is the most prevalent extrauterine indication for laparotomy in pregnancy
    • Appendiceal perforation greatly increases the chance of premature labor and fetal mortality

    Splenectomy

    • Failure to normalize platelet count after splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura can be caused by prolonged preoperative steroid therapy, low spleen-liver ratio, portal vein thrombosis, or preservation of an accessory spleen

    Ulcerative Colitis

    • Ulcerative colitis is characterized by inflammation involving the mucosa and submucosa

    Hyperparathyroidism

    • Chronic kidney failure is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
    • Secondary hyperparathyroidism may be treated with subtotal removal of the parathyroid glands or removal of all of them and autotransplantation of one of them

    Angiodysplasia

    • Angiodysplasia is a common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in older people

    Stomach Cancer

    • The most common type of stomach cancer is adenocarcinoma

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