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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the group of organisms, all of one species, that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time?
What is the term for the group of organisms, all of one species, that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time?
What type of factors make up an ecosystem, along with abiotic factors?
What type of factors make up an ecosystem, along with abiotic factors?
In a forest community, what might be an example of a biotic factor?
In a forest community, what might be an example of a biotic factor?
What is the term for the portion of Earth that supports life?
What is the term for the portion of Earth that supports life?
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In an ecosystem, what might be an example of an interaction between biotic and abiotic factors?
In an ecosystem, what might be an example of an interaction between biotic and abiotic factors?
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What is the term for a group of different species that live in the same place at the same time?
What is the term for a group of different species that live in the same place at the same time?
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What does the term 'niche' refer to in ecology?
What does the term 'niche' refer to in ecology?
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How do different species reduce competition while sharing the same habitat?
How do different species reduce competition while sharing the same habitat?
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What do fungi and bacteria primarily do in a habitat with diverse species?
What do fungi and bacteria primarily do in a habitat with diverse species?
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In an ecosystem, what does the term 'abiotic factors' refer to?
In an ecosystem, what does the term 'abiotic factors' refer to?
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How does a centipede survive in its habitat?
How does a centipede survive in its habitat?
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What do the following have in common: millipedes, insects, slugs, and earthworms in the shared habitat?
What do the following have in common: millipedes, insects, slugs, and earthworms in the shared habitat?
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What does an ecosystem comprise of?
What does an ecosystem comprise of?
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What type of ecosystems make up approximately 70 percent of Earth’s surface?
What type of ecosystems make up approximately 70 percent of Earth’s surface?
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What causes ecosystems to be subject to change?
What causes ecosystems to be subject to change?
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What is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?
What is an example of a terrestrial ecosystem?
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What can be found in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems?
What can be found in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems?
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What is the term for the physical surroundings of an ecosystem?
What is the term for the physical surroundings of an ecosystem?
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Study Notes
Ecological Levels of Organization
- Ecology studies relationships at multiple levels: individual organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere.
Organism
- A living thing made of cells, using energy, reproducing, responding, growing, and developing.
Population
- A group of organisms of one species, interbreeding and living in the same place at the same time.
Community
- All populations of different species living in the same place at the same time.
Ecosystem
- Populations of plants and animals interacting with each other and the abiotic components of an area.
Biosphere
- The portion of Earth that supports life.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
- Biotic factors: living components of an ecosystem (e.g., plants, animals, fungi, bacteria).
- Abiotic factors: non-living components of an ecosystem (e.g., sunlight, water, soil, temperature).
Niche
- A species' unique way of meeting its needs for food, shelter, and survival in its environment.
- Includes all strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment.
Ecosystem Types
- Terrestrial ecosystems: located on land (e.g., forests, meadows, rotting logs).
- Aquatic ecosystems: located in freshwater or saltwater (e.g., ponds, lakes, streams, ocean).
Examples of Ecosystems
- Freshwater ecosystems: ponds, lakes, streams.
- Saltwater ecosystems: marine ecosystems, making up approximately 70% of Earth's surface.
- Other examples: human body, old farm field, rotting log, skin, mouth, garden plot, buildings, compost heap, moldy food.
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