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Untitled Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the fifth cultural dimension identified by Hofstede?

  • Long-Term Orientation (correct)
  • Uncertainty Avoidance
  • Power Distance
  • Individualism
  • Hofstede's cultural dimensions are used to differentiate cultures.

    True

    What are the three aspects of Intercultural Competence?

    Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes

    Hofstede's sixth cultural dimension is also known as _______.

    <p>Indulgence (Genuss) versus Restraint (Zurückhaltung)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cultural dimensions with their descriptions:

    <p>Individualism = The tendency to prioritize individual goals over collective goals. Uncertainty Avoidance = The extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguity and uncertainty. Power Distance = The extent to which people accept unequal distribution of power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Intercultural Competence?

    <p>Viewing the world from others' perspectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hofstede's cultural dimensions are only applicable to Western cultures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)?

    <p>The extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguity and uncertainty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hofstede's fourth cultural dimension is also known as _______.

    <p>Motivation towards Achievement and Success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of Long-Term Orientation?

    <p>Short-Term Orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power Distance Index (PDI)

    • Focuses on the importance of status differences and social hierarchies in organizations and institutions
    • Measures the extent to which the less powerful members accept and expect power inequality
    • Represents inequality, defined from the perspective of the less powerful

    High PDI

    • People accept a particular social order or hierarchy
    • Believe that recognized authorities should not be challenged or questioned
    • Those with higher social status have the right to use their power for their own purposes

    Low PDI

    • People believe in social equality and reducing hierarchical structures
    • Minimize social or class inequities
    • Question or challenge authorities

    Hofstede's Five Cultural Dimensions

    • A model that identifies five primary dimensions to assist in differentiating cultures
    • The dimensions are:
      • Power Distance – PDI
      • Uncertainty Avoidance – UAI
      • Individualism – IDV
      • Motivation towards Achievement and Success
      • Long-Term Orientation – LTO (added later)
      • Indulgence (Genuss) versus Restraint (Zurückhaltung) (newly added)

    Individualism (IDV)

    • People with individualistic orientation may negatively evaluate collectivist behavior
    • Individualists may consider collectivists as:
      • Lacking personal freedom
      • Being too dependent on others
      • Not taking initiative
    • Collectivists may consider individualists as:
      • Lacking loyalty and dedication
      • Being selfish and uncooperative
      • Not valuing group harmony

    Masculinity (MAS)

    • Refers to the roles between genders
    • Men: tough, material-oriented, ambitious, and competitive
    • Women: sensitive, social, modest, and service-oriented
    • Research results show that:
      • Women's values differ less among societies
      • Men's values differ more strongly among societies
    • High feminine countries: women have the same modest, caring values as men
    • High masculine countries: women are not as assertive and competitive as men

    Intercultural Competence

    • Knowledge:
      • Cultural self-awareness
      • Culture-specific knowledge
      • Knowledge of global issues and trends
    • Skills:
      • Listening
      • Observing
      • Patience
      • Viewing the world from others' perspectives
    • Attitudes:
      • Respect
      • Openness
      • Valuing other cultures
      • Recognizing that being different is not about good or bad, right or wrong

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