Child Health and Diseases Nursing-T

Course Information

• This course is Nursing (English), course code HEY342ET, entitled Child Health and Diseases Nursing-T.
• The course is held on Wednesdays, four hours per week.
• It is a 4-credit course (4 ECTS credits).
• Midterm and final exams each comprise 50% of the final grade.
• Instructor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Süreyya TÜRK ÖĞÜN; [email protected] / +90 212 422 70 70; Office: B Block Ground Floor, Room 027.

Weekly Course Content Outline

• Week 1: Child Nursing
• Week 2 & 3: Growth and Development
• Week 4: Newborn
• Week 5: Nutrition in Childhood
• Week 6: Nutritional Disorders
• Week 7: Behavioral Disorders
• Week 8: Communication with the Child and Family
• Week 9: Midterm Exam
• Week 10: Heart and Circulatory System Diseases-Respiratory System Diseases
• Week 11: Neurological System Diseases-Urinary System Diseases
• Week 12: Fluid-Electrolyte Disorders-Hematology and Oncology
• Week 13: Genetic and Metabolic Diseases
• Week 14: Common Accidents During Childhood
• Week 15: Child Abuse and Neglect
• Week 16: Final Exam

Weekly Learning Outcomes

• To recognize key terms in pediatric nursing including growth, development, and family-centered care
• Summarize the effects of chronic illness on children and their families
• To utilize their understanding of growth and development to assess children at different stages
• To investigate the potential ethical dilemmas that may arise in pediatric nursing practice
• The ability to critique different assessment tools in pediatric nursing
• Develop comprehensive care plans for children with complex health conditions

Daily Flow

• The structure of each day is broken down into 4 hours
• 1st Hour: 11:00 - 11:50
• 2nd Hour: 12:00 - 12:50
• 3rd Hour: 13:00 - 13:50
• 4th Hour: 14:00 - 14:50

Child Nursing Topics

• Introduction to Child Health
• Foundations of Pediatric Nursing
• Growth and Development in Children
• Pediatric Assessment
• Key Physiological Concepts in Pediatric Nursing
• Common Pediatric Diseases and Nursing Care
• Family-Centered Care and Communication in Pediatric Nursing
• Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Nursing
• Specific Topics and Considerations
• Conclusion

Introduction to Child Health

• Childhood is the period from conception to 18 years, encompassing prenatal development through adolescence
• Child health includes physical, mental, spiritual, and social dimensions of well-being, necessitating a comprehensive approach
• Child health involves understanding healthy children and those with illnesses. This includes preventative measures and treatment and care for existing health issues

Historical Perspectives on Child Care

• Child care approaches have significantly changed evolving from simply saving lives to prioritizing preventative care
• Preventative measures and understanding early childhood experiences gained traction with the influence of psychology and developmental science
• Child health has broadened from dealing with diseases to holistically encompassing health and diseases; Importance is recognized as a factor in social and economic well-being
• Children's health is inseparable from the health needs of women, especially mothers

Global and National Child Health Overview

• A general review global and in Turkey highlights keys challenges and successes
• Health care disparities exist related to race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic factors

Factors Influencing Child Health

• Child health is influenced by social, environmental, and familial conditions
• Socioeconomic factors: Poverty, lack of resources, and homelessness impacts child health
• Environmental: Exposure to pollutants, lack of clean water and sanitation, and unsafe living conditions impact health
• Familial: Parental health, education, and family dynamics influence child health
• Industrialization, urbanization, education,housing issues, and rapid technological advances also impact children's health

Organizations and Programs

• UNICEF is a major global organization for child health and well-being, with country programs in Turkey
• The World Health Organization (WHO) guides global child health through setting standards and guidelines
• Numerous programs protect child health through immunization and early interventions
• The Turkish government implements programs via the Ministry of Health and other agencies

Global Child Health Statistics

• Childhood Cancers: Childhood cancers are more prevalent in developing countries
• 10% of deaths in children under 15 are from childhood cancers
• Globally, there are approximately 344,543 cases of cancer in children, with 56% in Asia

WHO Data on Child Mortality

• Progress has been made in reducing childhood mortality
• Under-5 deaths worldwide have decreased from 12.8 million in 1990 to 4.9 million in 2022
• Neonatal deaths globally decreased from 5.2 million in 1990 to 2.3 million in 2022

Global Immunization Coverage

• In 2023, 14.5 million children globally missed out on vaccinations
• Diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP3) third dose vaccine coverage of 84% in 2023
• Measles first dose vaccine coverage is 83% in 2023, down from 86% in 2019

Child Health Statistics in Turkey

• Turkish Ministry of Health Data: Infant mortality in Turkey has fallen to 9.9 per thousand

Common Childhood Diseases in Turkey

• Türkiye Health Interview Survey (2022) data: upper respiratory tract infections are common in 0-6 year olds in the last 6 months; 31.3% of children are affected
• Common Conditions- Diarrhea (29.4%), Lower respiratory tract infections (6.9%), Anemia (6.7%)
• Vaccination rates involving 3 doses of a five-valent vaccine (DPT+IPV+Hib) was 95.0% (2021) and 99.5% (2022).

Foundations of Pediatric Nursing

• This involves enhancing children and their families quality healthcare
• Protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities of patient
• Illness and injury prevention
• Alleviation of suffering via diagnosis and treatment
• Advocating for children and families

Promoting Wellness in children

• Promoting physical, emotional, psychosocial, mental, and spiritual health
• Disease prevention and health promotion are critical, emphasizing health as more than the absence of disease

Core Principles of Pediatric Nursing

• Holistic Care: Addresses the child's mind, body, and spirit from birth through adolescence
• Family-Centered Approach: Recognizes the family as a constant and involves partnership between healthcare providers, patients, and families; The belief that the family is the patient
• Developmental Considerations: Recognizes that children and their needs are unique
• Atraumatic Care: Minimizes psychological and physical stress

Roles and Responsibilities

• Advocacy- Support the child and family in the child’s best interest
• Educations- The nurse should be able to provide guidance at the childs/familes level of understanding
• Clinical Care- Assessment, planning, interventions are part of the nurses job
• Interdisciplinary Collaboration- Involve interdisciplinary teams

Growth and Development in Children

• Growth: An increase in physical size and mass. Measured by body weight, height, and head circumference.
• Influences: Genetric and environmental factors influence growth patterns
• Measurement: Standardized growth charts are used for compared to norms
• Maturation: The innate potential of a person that can continue over time
• It is a biological process were present charatereristics are expressed at birth
• maturation of the brain allows for increasingly complex cognitive and emotional development.

Development

• Includes maturation, tissues, biochemical composition and the differeation of biological function
• Such as the aquisition of skills, motor, cognition, socio and emotional

Development stages

• Prenatal = conception of birth, rapid growth
• Infancy= birth to 12 months major changes physical, motor, cognitivie, sotioal
• Toddlerhood= from 1-3 years Intense exploration ,learning toilet training is afocus
• preschool= 3-5 yrs
• school aged= 6 +, relationships and development of skills

Normal development milestones

• Acquisition of fine and gross motors skills, weight height circumference measurement helps with the status of the pt
• Cognitive process will shift as the pt grows nurse helps facilitates this process
• Nurse promoties the expressio of building up self and forming relationships

Development process

• Screening for developmental delays needs to be addressed
• Early intervention is needed and will help the kids the best
• Use screening tools like ASQ to assist with referral Nurses will need to assesss the tasks of parenting

Growth and dev

• Physical and motor development generally follows a predictable pattern, moving from head to toe (cephalocaudal) and from the center of the body outwards (proximodistal). Individual variability: It is important to remember that each child develops at their own pace. Interrelatedness: Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of development Development is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, nutritional and environmental factors

Pediatric Assessment

• the approach is modified best on the childs developments, but also has to account for age

Systematic Physcial exam

• A head to toe assessment can aliviate stress
• An anxiety level can help maximize finding
• The use of the parent will provide the nurse more ability assess

non threatening exam

Need to be non threatining use toys Engage the childer

Viral Assessment

Respiration helps to begin and then temperature should be last Route for temp varies by age

Blood pressure

• Assess using blood pressure using limbs measure
• Any abmornal norms should be noted Behavior noted at all times
• Skin variations should be notes in diff ethnic background
• If Vitals cant be taken record the vitals with the patients behavior

Family Centered

Assessment process will help, the source of info Interview to asses

History is crucial as it accounts for family dynamics Cultural and religious beliefs will influence the outcome Family will have a source of valued integration

Key Physiological Concepts in Pediatric Nursing

Fluid and Electrolyte

• Maintaining fluid is crusial as infants have more body water content. At birth 73%
• Total body fluids change from fetal stage

Fluid loss and new born

• Immature skin increase risk
• Tendency to develop Acidosis.
• Higher metabolic and higher xtracial fluid

####Daily fluids Significant diff between child and adults

• Higher metobolism
• Children will alway need fluids , age factor, daily weather
• Nurses must asses factors for fluids

Status

Essential part of any care Imbalance may include be alert and activity level at times Seizures, Nursing are be vigilant

Nutritional

Children depend of nutrition age and activity Calorie = 1 k to 1.8 k for daily nutrition 13- 19g Protein day a

Adequate and balanc3ed

Breast milk Nutrition is essential and needs to be assesed lifelong will make an affect educate the family for better health

Asses

• Assessment physical
• Examine in the dietary Assess the skin hair nails and mucles

Pharmacological Consideration

• Kids Respond of drug and body
• 3 to 6 metabolizes fast as can be Elimination They may need opiods Liver kidney Blood brain barriers can cause
• CNS

Dosage

Dosing is crucial to be carefu

• usually weight but needs to be abve certain
• Nurses should admin safety
• Strategies in the NICU too

Common Peds disease an Nursing care

Frequnt illness is asma, restri infections, influze Gi dirodrers

Nurse are key in preventing the patients care

Clinic findings

Need to able to inditify and assess with the proper resources

Family Diagnse is crucial

The intervtes should be well defined Individual must

Nurse care Psycosochal nurseing

Nursing intervention

• All the needs of each child will influence the nurse Need to always show emotial expression Make sure to support the

This all will make each child be ready

Family interaction

• The nurse can be used to provide caring and emotional suppor

This will help patients and make the nurse feel okay

ethic considerations of peds are

• The care child and family needs
• The need of intergity

The consent The capactiy and must

Ethical considerations

• Maintain confidentiality with patients
• Need to be mindful of team work with nurses so you don’t undermine the team Have the ability to care and palliative care for the families

Pain manangement

• Assessment with kids Difficult

The type of treatment you will have to apply Make sure to get the the scale rating on the pt

Non Pharma methods can work to

###Hospitlat

• Can be be scary and anxiety causing Can effect a childs development

What to take home

Paides Nursinf = the way u look it

Famly Cente - family needs comes first Holistic -

What to take Satey can pramount

• Make sure you dosed safe

Care process

• Assess each person at a time