Cs 101 ( Module 71-80)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary task of a webserver?

  • To provide access to the documents under its control as requested by clients (correct)
  • To create Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) for documents on the Web
  • To transfer hypertext documents between browsers and webservers
  • To obtain materials requested by the user and present them in an organized manner

    • What is the protocol used to transfer hypertext documents between browsers and webservers?

  • FTP
  • TCP/IP
  • HTTPS
  • HTTP (correct)

    • What is the purpose of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?

  • To specify the protocol to use to communicate with a server
  • To specify the directory path of a document
  • To provide the information needed by a browser to contact the proper server and request the desired document (correct)
  • To provide a mnemonic address of a machine

    • What are the components of a typical URL?

    <p>Protocol, mnemonic address, directory path, and document name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a browser?

    <p>To obtain materials requested by the user and present them in an organized manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a URL does not include a directory path?

    <p>No directory path will appear in the URL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the head section in an HTML document?

    <p>To contain preliminary information about the document</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anchor tags in an HTML document?

    <p>To link to another document</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the title tags in an HTML document?

    <p>For documentation purposes only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a user clicks on a highlighted link on a web page?

    <p>The browser will retrieve and display the associated webpage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the src attribute in an HTML image tag?

    <p>To specify the source of the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between HTML and XHTML?

    <p>HTML does not strictly conform to XML, while XHTML does</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the XML standard?

    <p>To develop a standardized style for representing data as text files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between XML and HTML?

    <p>HTML is a markup language based on the XML standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using XML-based markup languages?

    <p>They can be combined to obtain markup languages for complex applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the network layer in packet transmission?

    <p>To determine the direction of packet transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the network layer and the link layer at a router?

    <p>The network layer determines the direction of packet transmission, and the link layer is responsible for transmitting packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the transport layer at the final destination?

    <p>To reconstruct the original message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the transport layer determine which unit within the application layer should receive an incoming message?

    <p>By appending a unique port number to the message's address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of port numbers in the transport layer?

    <p>To identify the specific application unit that should receive an incoming message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the transport layer in the Internet protocol suite?

    <p>Converting messages into segments and reassembling them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is used for transferring email between mail servers?

    <p>TCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the hop count in IP packets?

    <p>To limit the number of times a packet can be forwarded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using UDP in certain applications?

    <p>Efficient transmission of data due to lower overhead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using semantic-oriented tags in marking ingredients in a recipe?

    <p>It enables search engines to identify recipes with specific ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard protocol used for implementing the tasks assigned to the network layer?

    <p>IP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the transport layer in the Internet software layers?

    <p>To ensure messages are properly formatted for transmission over the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the transport layer divide long messages into small segments?

    <p>To prevent long messages from obstructing other messages at Internet routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the name servers in the Internet infrastructure?

    <p>To translate mnemonic addresses into IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the sequence numbers added to the segments by the transport layer?

    <p>To reassemble the segments at the message's destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Networking and the Internet: Web Implementations

    • Software packages for accessing hypertext on the Internet are categorized into browsers and webservers.
    • A browser resides on the user's computer and obtains and presents materials to the user in an organized manner.
    • Examples of common Internet browsers include Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer.
    • A webserver resides on a computer containing hypertext documents and provides access to them as requested by clients (browsers).
    • Hypertext documents are transferred between browsers and webservers using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
    • Each document is given a unique address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to locate and retrieve documents on the Web.

    Networking and the Internet: HTML

    • A traditional hypertext document is similar to a text file with HTML-encoded versions.
    • An HTML source document consists of two sections: a head and a body.
    • The head contains preliminary information about the document, while the body contains the material to be presented on the computer screen.
    • The title of the document is only for documentation purposes and is not displayed on the screen.
    • The body contains the material to be displayed on the screen, including headings and paragraphs.

    Networking and the Internet: HTML Tags

    • HTML tags are used to indicate the structure of a document.
    • The <a> tag is used to create a hyperlink, and the href attribute specifies the URL of the linked document.
    • The `` tag is used to include an image in a document, and the src attribute specifies the URL of the image.

    Networking and the Internet: XML and Semantic Markup

    • XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a standardized style for designing notational systems for representing data as text files.
    • XML is used to develop markup languages for various applications, including mathematics, multimedia presentations, and music.
    • XML allows for the development of new markup languages that emphasize semantics rather than appearance.
    • Semantic markup languages allow search engines to identify specific information within a document, such as ingredients in a recipe.

    Networking and the Internet: Client-Server and Layered Approach

    • The Internet software has four layers: application, transport, network, and link.
    • The application layer uses the transport layer to send and receive messages over the Internet.
    • The transport layer divides long messages into small segments, adds sequence numbers, and hands them to the network layer.
    • The network layer decides the direction of a packet at each step and hands it to the link layer for transmission.
    • The link layer is responsible for receiving and transmitting packets.

    Networking and the Internet: Layered Approach (II)

    • The transport layer is responsible for ensuring that messages are properly formatted for transmission over the Internet.
    • The network layer is responsible for maintaining the router's forwarding table and determining the direction of a packet.
    • The link layer is responsible for receiving and transmitting packets and dealing with communication details particular to the individual network.

    Networking and the Internet: Layered Approach (III)

    • The network layer and link layer constitute the software residing on the Internet routers.
    • The network layer uses its forwarding table to determine the direction of a packet.
    • The link layer hands the packet to the network layer to determine the direction of the next step.
    • The packet is received by the link layer at the other end, and the process is repeated until the packet reaches its final destination.

    Networking and the Internet: TCP/IP Protocol Suite

    • The TCP/IP protocol suite is the standard for the Internet.
    • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a transport layer protocol that ensures reliable communication over the Internet.
    • UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a transport layer protocol that is more streamlined than TCP and is used for applications that require fast transmission.
    • IP (Internet Protocol) is the standard for implementing the tasks assigned to the network layer.
    • IP is responsible for forwarding and routing packets through the Internet.

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