Gr 12 History Ch 2 SUM: HOW WAS THE INDEPENDENCE REALISED IN AFRICA IN THE 1960’S AND 1970’S
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Questions and Answers

Who governed the Congo as personal property before the Belgian government took control?

  • King Leopold II of Belgium (correct)
  • Patrice Lumumba
  • Joseph Kasavubu
  • King Leopold I of Belgium

What was extracted under King Leopold's regime?

  • Uranium and gold
  • Copper and cobalt
  • Coal and silver
  • Rubber and ivory (correct)

What was Belgium's plan for the Congo's transition to independence?

  • A 10-year transition
  • No plan for independence
  • Immediate independence
  • A 30-year transition (correct)

What led to international outrage and the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

<p>The human rights abuses under Leopold's regime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was extracted during the Belgian Colonial Rule?

<p>Uranium, copper, and cobalt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the Congo gain independence?

<p>June 30, 1960 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Congo immediately after independence?

<p>It plunged into chaos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the leaders of the newly independent Congo?

<p>Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Kasavubu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

<p>The country was severely destabilized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why was Patrice Lumumba dismissed by Kasavubu?

<p>For seeking Soviet assistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who seized power in a coup in 1965?

<p>Joseph Mobutu (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

<p>Immense mineral wealth with profound poverty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a positive aspect of Mobutu's rule?

<p>He brought stability to the country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

<p>The country became a one-party state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

<p>It was authoritarian and corrupt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?

<p>Promotion of African names and values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a criticism of Mobutu's economic policies?

<p>They contributed to worsening economic situation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ongoing challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

<p>International influence and intervention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the strategies used by Mobutu to maintain power in Zaire?

<p>Favoring certain ethnic groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

<p>Underlying tensions leading to future conflicts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Mobutu's initial economic strategies?

<p>Diversifying the economy beyond agriculture and mineral extraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attracted significant foreign investment in Zaire?

<p>The country's rich natural resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu Sese Seko's policy of Authenticité?

<p>To reclaim and celebrate African identity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the intention of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

<p>To empower locals by transferring ownership and control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's encouragement of traditional African attire?

<p>A stimulation of local textile industries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of Mobutu's rule?

<p>A personality cult and suppression of dissent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Zaïrianisation policy?

<p>Widespread inefficiency and decline in productivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge of Mobutu's cultural policies?

<p>A homogenization of culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized Mobutu's regime?

<p>Kleptocracy and corruption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

<p>Gradual decline in the country's economic foundations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the focus on cultural revival?

<p>A neglect of critical social issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Mobutu's cultural policies?

<p>They were often used to consolidate Mobutu's power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the failure of the Zaïrianisation policy?

<p>Economic collapse and Retrocession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

<p>Economic decline, hyperinflation, and poverty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

<p>Exacerbated social inequalities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of Mobutu's renaming of cities?

<p>Renaming cities to reflect African heritage and identity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a cultural success of Mobutu's rule?

<p>The promotion of African hairstyles and cultural practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of Mobutu's economic policies?

<p>Economic decline, hyperinflation, and poverty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960?

<p>Severe lack of educated personnel and infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the government's investment in building new educational facilities?

<p>A significant increase in primary school enrollment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the government's policy on higher education?

<p>Providing full tuition and stipends to all college and university students (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a focus of research in universities in the Congo?

<p>African traditions and languages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the quota system implemented by the state?

<p>To balance educational opportunities across diverse and unequal provinces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge in integrating the broader population into the educational system?

<p>Language barriers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment?

<p>Issues of quality and relevance of education persisted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impacted the sustainability of educational reforms and investments?

<p>Political and economic instability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

<p>Revitalization of African indigenous heritage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key goal of the educational sector post-independence?

<p>To expand and reform the educational system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind King Leopold II's governance of the Congo Free State?

<p>To extract natural resources for personal gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did international pressure lead to the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

<p>In response to the human rights abuses during King Leopold's regime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the Congo's abrupt independence in 1960?

<p>As a result of international pressure and the Cold War (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the post-independence period in the Congo?

<p>An immediate crisis and plunge into chaos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Belgium's lack of preparation for the Congo's independence?

<p>The Congo's immediate plunge into chaos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was extracted from the Congo during the Belgian Colonial Rule?

<p>Valuable minerals like uranium, copper, and cobalt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between the Congo's resources and Belgium's control?

<p>The Congo's resources were used to fund Belgium's economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a strategy used by Mobutu to maintain power in Zaire?

<p>Fostering ethnic fragmentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the exploitation of the Congo's natural resources?

<p>It led to human rights abuses and a significant reduction in population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

<p>Wide-scale inefficiency and decline in productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

<p>Authoritarian and kleptocratic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

<p>Gradual decline in economic foundations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

<p>Exacerbated social inequalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was an initial economic strategy implemented by Mobutu?

<p>Diversification of the economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attracted significant foreign investment in Zaire?

<p>Rich natural resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

<p>Suppressed dissent and underlying tensions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the failure of the Zaïrianisation policy?

<p>Economic collapse and retrocession (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

<p>Long-term instability and conflicts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for Patrice Lumumba's dismissal by Kasavubu?

<p>His lean towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

<p>It led to the assassination of Patrice Lumumba. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

<p>Authoritarian and corrupt (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu's Authenticité policy?

<p>To promote African names and values over those associated with colonialism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

<p>Suppression of opposition and human rights violations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's focus on personal enrichment?

<p>Worsening economic situation and poverty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

<p>Paradox of plenty: immense mineral wealth alongside profound poverty and underdevelopment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ongoing challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?

<p>Renaming of cities and promotion of African names and values (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary goal of the government's educational investment post-independence?

<p>To expand educational access to a larger segment of the population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the quota system implemented by the state?

<p>To ensure that students from all regions had equal access to educational opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced in integrating the broader population into the educational system?

<p>Language barriers, especially the use of French as the language of instruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the government's policy on higher education?

<p>To provide full tuition coverage and stipends for all college and university students (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a focus of research in universities in the Congo?

<p>African traditions and languages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment?

<p>Issues of quality and relevance of education persisted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impacted the sustainability of educational reforms and investments?

<p>Frequent changes in leadership and economic difficulties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

<p>Preservation of indigenous heritage and cultural identity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major challenge faced by the educational sector post-independence?

<p>Severe lack of educated personnel and infrastructure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key goal of the educational sector post-independence?

<p>To expand and reform the educational system for national development and integration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu Sese Seko's policy of Authenticité?

<p>To reclaim and celebrate African identity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's encouragement of traditional African attire?

<p>The boost of local industries related to textile making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of Mobutu's renaming of cities?

<p>To reflect African heritage and identity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

<p>The suppression of dissent and alternative voices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's focus on cultural revival?

<p>The neglect of critical social issues such as education and healthcare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

<p>The development of an intense personality cult (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was an outcome of Mobutu's economic mismanagement?

<p>The economic decline, hyperinflation, and widespread poverty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a social and cultural success of Mobutu's rule?

<p>The promotion of African customs and attire (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Mobutu's cultural policies?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

<p>The undermining of the authenticity of the Authenticité initiative (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the international outrage that led to the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

<p>Forced labor and mutilation of the Congolese people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference between the governance of King Leopold II and the Belgian government?

<p>The treatment of the Congolese people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the abrupt independence of the Congo?

<p>Chaos and instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key challenge faced by the newly independent Congo?

<p>Establishing a stable government (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the Belgian colonial rule in the Congo?

<p>Significant investment in infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of the Congo's path to independence?

<p>A sudden and abrupt transition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the lack of preparation for independence?

<p>Immediate crisis and instability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key legacy of colonialism in the Congo?

<p>Exploitation and geopolitical struggles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu Sese Seko's policy of Authenticité?

<p>To promote African identity and reject colonial legacies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a cultural success of Mobutu's rule?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized Mobutu's regime?

<p>Authoritarianism and cult of personality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's focus on cultural revival?

<p>Neglect of critical social issues such as education and healthcare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge of Mobutu's cultural policies?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of Mobutu's renaming of cities?

<p>Symbolic rejection of colonial names and promotion of African heritage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's economic mismanagement?

<p>Hyperinflation, economic decline, and widespread poverty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

<p>Promotion of African identity and rejection of colonial legacies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

<p>Authoritarianism, economic decline, and widespread poverty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

<p>Economic decline, hyperinflation, and widespread poverty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

<p>To protect the interests of Belgian mining companies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Patrice Lumumba's leaning towards the Soviet Union?

<p>He was dismissed by Kasavubu and eventually assassinated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?

<p>To promote African names and values over those associated with colonialism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

<p>A authoritarian regime with widespread human rights violations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's corruption and economic mismanagement?

<p>A worsening economic situation and significant poverty (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

<p>A paradox of plenty, with immense mineral wealth existing alongside profound poverty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

<p>The country was further destabilized and polarized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for Mobutu's initial support from Western nations?

<p>His stance against communism and the Soviet Union during the Cold War (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a long-term legacy of the Cold War era in the Congo?

<p>A pattern of political instability, conflict, and fragmentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's interest in the Congo's mineral resources?

<p>The country was further destabilized and subject to ongoing external interference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary intention of Mobutu's economic policies in the early years of his rule?

<p>To diversify the economy beyond its traditional reliance on agriculture and mineral extraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

<p>The underlying tensions that would erupt after his regime ended (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

<p>To empower locals by transferring ownership and control to them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

<p>Kleptocracy and the misappropriation of government funds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

<p>A gradual decline in the country's economic foundations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

<p>The legacy of colonialism and the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's encouragement of traditional African attire?

<p>A sense of national unity and pride among the populace (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

<p>The exacerbation of social inequalities, with a vast majority of the population remaining in poverty (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Mobutu's cultural policies?

<p>The prioritization of cultural revival over economic development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

<p>The long-term instability and economic decline of the country (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the Congo's expansion of educational infrastructure?

<p>To provide basic education to a larger segment of the population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the government's policy to cover full tuition and provide stipends to all college and university students?

<p>It made education accessible to students from low-income backgrounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of research in universities in the Congo?

<p>African traditions and languages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the quota system implemented by the state?

<p>To ensure that students from less developed regions had access to educational and career opportunities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge in integrating the broader population into the educational system?

<p>The continued use of French as the language of instruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment?

<p>Issues of quality and relevance of education persisted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impacted the sustainability of educational reforms and investments?

<p>The frequent changes in leadership and economic difficulties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

<p>The emphasis on research in African traditions and languages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the educational sector post-independence?

<p>To expand and reform the educational system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind King Leopold II's governance of the Congo Free State?

<p>To extract valuable resources for personal gain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Belgian government's takeover of the Congo?

<p>Continued exploitation, but with less brutality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key challenge faced by the newly independent Congo?

<p>Maintaining peace and stability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key legacy of colonialism in the Congo?

<p>Exploitation and geopolitical struggles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of King Leopold's regime on the Congolese population?

<p>A significant reduction in population due to disease, exploitation, and violence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the sudden independence of the Congo?

<p>Chaos and crisis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Belgian Colonial Rule in the Congo?

<p>Continued exploitation, but with less brutality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key event that led to the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

<p>International pressure due to human rights abuses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the initial economic strategies implemented by Mobutu?

<p>Developing an industrial and manufacturing sector (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

<p>Widespread inefficiency and decline in productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of Mobutu's regime?

<p>Authoritarian practices and kleptocracy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the corruption and mismanagement during Mobutu's rule?

<p>Economic decline and instability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced by Zaire during Mobutu's rule?

<p>Dependence on foreign aid and loans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

<p>To establish a new government supported by Belgian mining interests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's regime?

<p>Long-term instability and underlying tensions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's economic policies?

<p>Prioritizing personal gain over public welfare (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of Patrice Lumumba's leaning towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

<p>He was dismissed by Kasavubu and eventually assassinated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of Mobutu's rule in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

<p>Corruption and human rights violations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

<p>Exacerbated social inequalities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a long-term legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

<p>Economic dependency and underdevelopment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?

<p>Renaming the country Zaire and promoting African names (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo during Mobutu's rule?

<p>Political instability and conflict over mineral resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's one-party state and authoritarian rule?

<p>Suppression of opposition and human rights violations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu Sese Seko's policy of Authenticité?

<p>To reclaim and celebrate African identity by discarding colonial legacies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been an ongoing challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

<p>Conflict over mineral resources and political instability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a cultural success of Mobutu's rule?

<p>Renaming of cities to reflect African heritage and identity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a social challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

<p>Suppression of dissent and alternative voices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's economic policies?

<p>Economic decline, hyperinflation, and poverty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

<p>Authoritarian rule and suppression of dissent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Mobutu's cultural policies?

<p>Suppression of alternative cultural expressions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of Mobutu's emphasis on cultural revival?

<p>Neglect of critical social issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

<p>Economic decline and widespread poverty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a major challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960?

<p>Severe lack of educated personnel and infrastructure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the government's policy to cover full tuition and provide stipends to all college and university students intended to do?

<p>Increase access to higher education (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of research in universities in the Congo?

<p>African traditions and languages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the quota system implemented by the state?

<p>To promote national integration and equality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge in integrating the broader population into the educational system?

<p>Language barriers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment?

<p>Issues of quality and relevance of education persisted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impacted the sustainability of educational reforms and investments?

<p>Political and economic instability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

<p>Promotion of African traditions and languages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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