Gr 12 History Ch 2 SUM: HOW WAS THE INDEPENDENCE REALISED IN AFRICA IN THE 1960’S AND 1970’S

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Who governed the Congo as personal property before the Belgian government took control?

King Leopold II of Belgium (correct)

Patrice Lumumba

Joseph Kasavubu

King Leopold I of Belgium

What was extracted under King Leopold's regime?

Uranium and gold

Copper and cobalt

Coal and silver

Rubber and ivory (correct)

What was Belgium's plan for the Congo's transition to independence?

A 10-year transition

No plan for independence

Immediate independence

A 30-year transition (correct)

What led to international outrage and the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

The human rights abuses under Leopold's regime Signup and view all the answers

What was extracted during the Belgian Colonial Rule?

Uranium, copper, and cobalt Signup and view all the answers

When did the Congo gain independence?

June 30, 1960 Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Congo immediately after independence?

It plunged into chaos Signup and view all the answers

Who were the leaders of the newly independent Congo?

Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Kasavubu Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

The country was severely destabilized Signup and view all the answers

Why was Patrice Lumumba dismissed by Kasavubu?

For seeking Soviet assistance Signup and view all the answers

Who seized power in a coup in 1965?

Joseph Mobutu Signup and view all the answers

What is a legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

Immense mineral wealth with profound poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was a positive aspect of Mobutu's rule?

He brought stability to the country Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

The country became a one-party state Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

It was authoritarian and corrupt Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?

Promotion of African names and values Signup and view all the answers

What was a criticism of Mobutu's economic policies?

They contributed to worsening economic situation Signup and view all the answers

What is an ongoing challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

International influence and intervention Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the strategies used by Mobutu to maintain power in Zaire?

Favoring certain ethnic groups Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

Underlying tensions leading to future conflicts Signup and view all the answers

What was one of Mobutu's initial economic strategies?

Diversifying the economy beyond agriculture and mineral extraction Signup and view all the answers

What attracted significant foreign investment in Zaire?

The country's rich natural resources Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu Sese Seko's policy of Authenticité?

To reclaim and celebrate African identity Signup and view all the answers

What was the intention of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

To empower locals by transferring ownership and control Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's encouragement of traditional African attire?

A stimulation of local textile industries Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of Mobutu's rule?

A personality cult and suppression of dissent Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the Zaïrianisation policy?

Widespread inefficiency and decline in productivity Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge of Mobutu's cultural policies?

A homogenization of culture Signup and view all the answers

What characterized Mobutu's regime?

Kleptocracy and corruption Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

Gradual decline in the country's economic foundations Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the focus on cultural revival?

A neglect of critical social issues Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Mobutu's cultural policies?

They were often used to consolidate Mobutu's power Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the failure of the Zaïrianisation policy?

Economic collapse and Retrocession Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

Economic decline, hyperinflation, and poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

Exacerbated social inequalities Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of Mobutu's renaming of cities?

Renaming cities to reflect African heritage and identity Signup and view all the answers

What was a cultural success of Mobutu's rule?

The promotion of African hairstyles and cultural practices Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of Mobutu's economic policies?

Economic decline, hyperinflation, and poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was a major challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960?

Severe lack of educated personnel and infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the government's investment in building new educational facilities?

A significant increase in primary school enrollment Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the government's policy on higher education?

Providing full tuition and stipends to all college and university students Signup and view all the answers

What was a focus of research in universities in the Congo?

African traditions and languages Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the quota system implemented by the state?

To balance educational opportunities across diverse and unequal provinces Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge in integrating the broader population into the educational system?

Language barriers Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment?

Issues of quality and relevance of education persisted Signup and view all the answers

What impacted the sustainability of educational reforms and investments?

Political and economic instability Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

Revitalization of African indigenous heritage Signup and view all the answers

What was a key goal of the educational sector post-independence?

To expand and reform the educational system Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind King Leopold II's governance of the Congo Free State?

To extract natural resources for personal gain Signup and view all the answers

Why did international pressure lead to the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

In response to the human rights abuses during King Leopold's regime Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the Congo's abrupt independence in 1960?

As a result of international pressure and the Cold War Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the post-independence period in the Congo?

An immediate crisis and plunge into chaos Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Belgium's lack of preparation for the Congo's independence?

The Congo's immediate plunge into chaos Signup and view all the answers

What was extracted from the Congo during the Belgian Colonial Rule?

Valuable minerals like uranium, copper, and cobalt Signup and view all the answers

What was the relationship between the Congo's resources and Belgium's control?

The Congo's resources were used to fund Belgium's economy Signup and view all the answers

What was a strategy used by Mobutu to maintain power in Zaire?

Fostering ethnic fragmentation Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the exploitation of the Congo's natural resources?

It led to human rights abuses and a significant reduction in population Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

Wide-scale inefficiency and decline in productivity Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

Authoritarian and kleptocratic Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

Gradual decline in economic foundations Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

Exacerbated social inequalities Signup and view all the answers

What was an initial economic strategy implemented by Mobutu?

Diversification of the economy Signup and view all the answers

What attracted significant foreign investment in Zaire?

Rich natural resources Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

Suppressed dissent and underlying tensions Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the failure of the Zaïrianisation policy?

Economic collapse and retrocession Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

Long-term instability and conflicts Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for Patrice Lumumba's dismissal by Kasavubu?

His lean towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

It led to the assassination of Patrice Lumumba. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

Authoritarian and corrupt Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu's Authenticité policy?

To promote African names and values over those associated with colonialism Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

Suppression of opposition and human rights violations Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's focus on personal enrichment?

Worsening economic situation and poverty Signup and view all the answers

What is a legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

Paradox of plenty: immense mineral wealth alongside profound poverty and underdevelopment Signup and view all the answers

What is an ongoing challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?

Renaming of cities and promotion of African names and values Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary goal of the government's educational investment post-independence?

To expand educational access to a larger segment of the population Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the quota system implemented by the state?

To ensure that students from all regions had equal access to educational opportunities Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced in integrating the broader population into the educational system?

Language barriers, especially the use of French as the language of instruction Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the government's policy on higher education?

To provide full tuition coverage and stipends for all college and university students Signup and view all the answers

What was a focus of research in universities in the Congo?

African traditions and languages Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment?

Issues of quality and relevance of education persisted Signup and view all the answers

What impacted the sustainability of educational reforms and investments?

Frequent changes in leadership and economic difficulties Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

Preservation of indigenous heritage and cultural identity Signup and view all the answers

What was a major challenge faced by the educational sector post-independence?

Severe lack of educated personnel and infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What was a key goal of the educational sector post-independence?

To expand and reform the educational system for national development and integration Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu Sese Seko's policy of Authenticité?

To reclaim and celebrate African identity Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's encouragement of traditional African attire?

The boost of local industries related to textile making Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of Mobutu's renaming of cities?

To reflect African heritage and identity Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

The suppression of dissent and alternative voices Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's focus on cultural revival?

The neglect of critical social issues such as education and healthcare Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

The development of an intense personality cult Signup and view all the answers

What was an outcome of Mobutu's economic mismanagement?

The economic decline, hyperinflation, and widespread poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was a social and cultural success of Mobutu's rule?

The promotion of African customs and attire Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Mobutu's cultural policies?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What was the broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

The undermining of the authenticity of the Authenticité initiative Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the international outrage that led to the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

Forced labor and mutilation of the Congolese people Signup and view all the answers

What was a key difference between the governance of King Leopold II and the Belgian government?

The treatment of the Congolese people Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the abrupt independence of the Congo?

Chaos and instability Signup and view all the answers

What was a key challenge faced by the newly independent Congo?

Establishing a stable government Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of the Belgian colonial rule in the Congo?

Significant investment in infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of the Congo's path to independence?

A sudden and abrupt transition Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the lack of preparation for independence?

Immediate crisis and instability Signup and view all the answers

What was a key legacy of colonialism in the Congo?

Exploitation and geopolitical struggles Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu Sese Seko's policy of Authenticité?

To promote African identity and reject colonial legacies Signup and view all the answers

What was a cultural success of Mobutu's rule?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What characterized Mobutu's regime?

Authoritarianism and cult of personality Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's focus on cultural revival?

Neglect of critical social issues such as education and healthcare Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge of Mobutu's cultural policies?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of Mobutu's renaming of cities?

Symbolic rejection of colonial names and promotion of African heritage Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's economic mismanagement?

Hyperinflation, economic decline, and widespread poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

Promotion of African identity and rejection of colonial legacies Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

Authoritarianism, economic decline, and widespread poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

Economic decline, hyperinflation, and widespread poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

To protect the interests of Belgian mining companies Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Patrice Lumumba's leaning towards the Soviet Union?

He was dismissed by Kasavubu and eventually assassinated Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?

To promote African names and values over those associated with colonialism Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

A authoritarian regime with widespread human rights violations Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's corruption and economic mismanagement?

A worsening economic situation and significant poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was a legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

A paradox of plenty, with immense mineral wealth existing alongside profound poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

The country was further destabilized and polarized Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for Mobutu's initial support from Western nations?

His stance against communism and the Soviet Union during the Cold War Signup and view all the answers

What was a long-term legacy of the Cold War era in the Congo?

A pattern of political instability, conflict, and fragmentation Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the international community's interest in the Congo's mineral resources?

The country was further destabilized and subject to ongoing external interference Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary intention of Mobutu's economic policies in the early years of his rule?

To diversify the economy beyond its traditional reliance on agriculture and mineral extraction Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

The underlying tensions that would erupt after his regime ended Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

To empower locals by transferring ownership and control to them Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

Kleptocracy and the misappropriation of government funds Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

A gradual decline in the country's economic foundations Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

The legacy of colonialism and the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mobutu's encouragement of traditional African attire?

A sense of national unity and pride among the populace Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

The exacerbation of social inequalities, with a vast majority of the population remaining in poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Mobutu's cultural policies?

The prioritization of cultural revival over economic development Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

The long-term instability and economic decline of the country Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the Congo's expansion of educational infrastructure?

To provide basic education to a larger segment of the population Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the government's policy to cover full tuition and provide stipends to all college and university students?

It made education accessible to students from low-income backgrounds Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of research in universities in the Congo?

African traditions and languages Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the quota system implemented by the state?

To ensure that students from less developed regions had access to educational and career opportunities Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge in integrating the broader population into the educational system?

The continued use of French as the language of instruction Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment?

Issues of quality and relevance of education persisted Signup and view all the answers

What impacted the sustainability of educational reforms and investments?

The frequent changes in leadership and economic difficulties Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

The emphasis on research in African traditions and languages Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the educational sector post-independence?

To expand and reform the educational system Signup and view all the answers

What was a key challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary motivation behind King Leopold II's governance of the Congo Free State?

To extract valuable resources for personal gain Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Belgian government's takeover of the Congo?

Continued exploitation, but with less brutality Signup and view all the answers

What was a key challenge faced by the newly independent Congo?

Maintaining peace and stability Signup and view all the answers

What was a key legacy of colonialism in the Congo?

Exploitation and geopolitical struggles Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of King Leopold's regime on the Congolese population?

A significant reduction in population due to disease, exploitation, and violence Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the sudden independence of the Congo?

Chaos and crisis Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Belgian Colonial Rule in the Congo?

Continued exploitation, but with less brutality Signup and view all the answers

What was a key event that led to the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

International pressure due to human rights abuses Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the initial economic strategies implemented by Mobutu?

Developing an industrial and manufacturing sector Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

Widespread inefficiency and decline in productivity Signup and view all the answers

What was a key feature of Mobutu's regime?

Authoritarian practices and kleptocracy Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the corruption and mismanagement during Mobutu's rule?

Economic decline and instability Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced by Zaire during Mobutu's rule?

Dependence on foreign aid and loans Signup and view all the answers

What was the main reason for the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

To establish a new government supported by Belgian mining interests Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's regime?

Long-term instability and underlying tensions Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's economic policies?

Prioritizing personal gain over public welfare Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of Patrice Lumumba's leaning towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

He was dismissed by Kasavubu and eventually assassinated Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of Mobutu's rule in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

Corruption and human rights violations Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

Exacerbated social inequalities Signup and view all the answers

What was a long-term legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

Economic dependency and underdevelopment Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?

Renaming the country Zaire and promoting African names Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo during Mobutu's rule?

Political instability and conflict over mineral resources Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's one-party state and authoritarian rule?

Suppression of opposition and human rights violations Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Mobutu Sese Seko's policy of Authenticité?

To reclaim and celebrate African identity by discarding colonial legacies Signup and view all the answers

What has been an ongoing challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

Conflict over mineral resources and political instability Signup and view all the answers

What was a cultural success of Mobutu's rule?

Renaming of cities to reflect African heritage and identity Signup and view all the answers

What was a social challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

Suppression of dissent and alternative voices Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of Mobutu's economic policies?

Economic decline, hyperinflation, and poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

Authoritarian rule and suppression of dissent Signup and view all the answers

What was a limitation of Mobutu's cultural policies?

Suppression of alternative cultural expressions Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of Mobutu's emphasis on cultural revival?

Neglect of critical social issues Signup and view all the answers

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

Economic decline and widespread poverty Signup and view all the answers

What was a major challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960?

Severe lack of educated personnel and infrastructure Signup and view all the answers

What was the government's policy to cover full tuition and provide stipends to all college and university students intended to do?

Increase access to higher education Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of research in universities in the Congo?

African traditions and languages Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the quota system implemented by the state?

To promote national integration and equality Signup and view all the answers

What was a challenge in integrating the broader population into the educational system?

Language barriers Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment?

Issues of quality and relevance of education persisted Signup and view all the answers

What impacted the sustainability of educational reforms and investments?

Political and economic instability Signup and view all the answers

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

Promotion of African traditions and languages Signup and view all the answers

Gr 12 History Ch 2 SUM: HOW WAS THE INDEPENDENCE REALISED IN AFRICA IN THE 1960’S AND 1970’S

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Questions and Answers

Who governed the Congo as personal property before the Belgian government took control?

What was extracted under King Leopold's regime?

What was Belgium's plan for the Congo's transition to independence?

What led to international outrage and the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

What was extracted during the Belgian Colonial Rule?

When did the Congo gain independence?

What happened to the Congo immediately after independence?

Who were the leaders of the newly independent Congo?

What was the outcome of the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

Why was Patrice Lumumba dismissed by Kasavubu?

Who seized power in a coup in 1965?

What is a legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

What was a positive aspect of Mobutu's rule?

What was a challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

What was a consequence of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?

What was a criticism of Mobutu's economic policies?

What is an ongoing challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

What was one of the strategies used by Mobutu to maintain power in Zaire?

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

What was one of Mobutu's initial economic strategies?

What attracted significant foreign investment in Zaire?

What was the primary goal of Mobutu Sese Seko's policy of Authenticité?

What was the intention of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

What was the result of Mobutu's encouragement of traditional African attire?

What was a key feature of Mobutu's rule?

What was a consequence of the Zaïrianisation policy?

What was a challenge of Mobutu's cultural policies?

What characterized Mobutu's regime?

What was the result of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

What was a consequence of the focus on cultural revival?

What was a limitation of Mobutu's cultural policies?

What was the result of the failure of the Zaïrianisation policy?

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

What was a key aspect of Mobutu's renaming of cities?

What was a cultural success of Mobutu's rule?

What was the effect of Mobutu's economic policies?

What was a major challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960?

What was the result of the government's investment in building new educational facilities?

What was a key aspect of the government's policy on higher education?

What was a focus of research in universities in the Congo?

What was the purpose of the quota system implemented by the state?

What was a challenge in integrating the broader population into the educational system?

What was a consequence of the rapid expansion of educational facilities and enrollment?

What impacted the sustainability of educational reforms and investments?

What was a key aspect of the cultural renaissance in the Congo?

What was a key goal of the educational sector post-independence?

What was the primary motivation behind King Leopold II's governance of the Congo Free State?

Why did international pressure lead to the Belgian government taking control of the Congo?

What was the main reason for the Congo's abrupt independence in 1960?

What characterized the post-independence period in the Congo?

What was the consequence of Belgium's lack of preparation for the Congo's independence?

What was extracted from the Congo during the Belgian Colonial Rule?

What was the relationship between the Congo's resources and Belgium's control?

What was a strategy used by Mobutu to maintain power in Zaire?

What was the impact of the exploitation of the Congo's natural resources?

What was a consequence of Mobutu's Zaïrianisation policy?

What was a characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

What was a consequence of the neglect of infrastructure in Zaire?

What was a consequence of the concentration of wealth among Mobutu and his elite circle?

What was an initial economic strategy implemented by Mobutu?

What attracted significant foreign investment in Zaire?

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

What was a consequence of the failure of the Zaïrianisation policy?

What was a broader consequence of Mobutu's rule?

What was the primary reason for Patrice Lumumba's dismissal by Kasavubu?

What was the outcome of the secession of the mineral-rich Katanga region?

What was the main characteristic of Mobutu's regime?

What was the primary goal of Mobutu's Authenticité policy?

What was a challenge faced during Mobutu's rule?

What was a consequence of Mobutu's authoritarian practices?

What was the result of Mobutu's focus on personal enrichment?

What is a legacy of colonialism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

What is an ongoing challenge faced by the Democratic Republic of the Congo?

What was a consequence of Mobutu's 'Africanization' policies?