Imaging Technologies in Radiography

Imaging Technologies in Radiography

X-ray

• Uses X-ray beams to produce images of internal structures
• Most common imaging modality
• Principles:
  • Ionizing radiation penetrates the body
  • Denser materials (e.g., bone) absorb more radiation, appearing whiter on the image
  • Softer tissues (e.g., lung) absorb less radiation, appearing darker on the image
• Applications:
  • Chest radiographs (e.g., pneumonia, lung cancer)
  • Bone fractures and orthopedic disorders
  • Dental radiographs

CT Scans

• Uses X-ray beams and computer algorithms to produce cross-sectional images
• Principles:
  • X-ray beam rotates around the body, capturing data from multiple angles
  • Computer reconstructs the data into detailed images
• Applications:
  • Soft tissue and organ evaluation (e.g., liver, kidneys, brain)
  • Cancer staging and monitoring
  • Trauma and emergency imaging (e.g., head injuries, internal bleeding)

MRI

• Uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images
• Principles:
  • Hydrogen atoms in the body align with the magnetic field
  • Radio waves disturb the alignment, causing signals to be emitted
  • Computer reconstructs the signals into detailed images
• Applications:
  • Soft tissue and joint evaluation (e.g., ligaments, tendons, menisci)
  • Neurological disorders (e.g., brain tumors, spinal cord injuries)
  • Cancer diagnosis and monitoring

Ultrasound

• Uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images
• Principles:
  • Sound waves bounce off internal structures, producing echoes
  • Transducer converts the echoes into electrical signals
  • Computer reconstructs the signals into images
• Applications:
  • Obstetric and fetal imaging
  • Cardiovascular imaging (e.g., heart valves, blood vessels)
  • Abdominal and small parts imaging (e.g., liver, gallbladder, kidneys)

Fluoroscopy

• Uses continuous X-ray beams to guide procedures in real-time
• Principles:
  • X-ray beam is transmitted through the body, producing a continuous image
  • Image intensifier or digital detector converts the X-ray signal into a visible image
• Applications:
  • Guiding procedures (e.g., swallowing studies, catheter placements)
  • Orthopedic and surgical procedures (e.g., spine injections, joint aspirations)
  • Diagnostic imaging (e.g., upper GI series, barium enemas)