Biology Oct 24 P11

Biology Paper 1 Multiple Choice (Core) Notes

• There are 40 questions to answer.
• For each question, choose the one you consider correct and mark it on the answer sheet, using a soft pencil.
• The mark for the paper is 40, with each correct answer scoring one mark.

Leaf on a Plant

• Simple sugars are made in the leaf using water from the soil, and carbon dioxide from the air.
• This demonstrates nutrition.

Species

• A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

Dolphins

• Dolphins are mammals that live in the sea and breathe using their lungs.
• They produce milk.

Animal Cells

• Animal cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm and a nucleus.

Ciliated Cells in the Bronchi

• Ciliated cells move mucus.

Copepod

• A copepod with a diagram magnification of ×30, where the length of line XY is 45 mm, has an actual length of 1.5 mm.

Osmosis

• Water molecules move through a partially permeable membrane during osmosis.

Active Transport

• Active transport requires energy from respiration.

Glucose Molecules

• Cellulose, glycogen, and starch are made by linking together glucose molecules.

Solution Testing

• A solution containing protein and glucose but not starch, will test purple with biuret solution, yellow-brown with iodine solution, and brick-red with Benedict's solution.

Enzymes

• Enzymes are made of protein.

Digestive Enzymes

• The substrate is the molecule that the enzyme acts on. As such, it will fit into the active site of the enzyme - in this case diagram C.

Enzyme Activity

• On a graph that shows the activity of an enzyme varies with temperature, the optimum temperature for the enzyme is approximately 50 degrees.
• The enzyme is completely denatured at approximately 60 degrees.

Carbon Dioxide Concentration

• When carbon dioxide concentration increases, a green indicator turns yellow.
• When carbon dioxide concentration decreases, a green indicator turns blue.

Photosynthesis

• A small plant in a test-tube causes carbon dioxide concentration to decrease, turning the green indicator blue.
• This is due to photosynthesis.

Transpiration

• Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from the leaves.

Leaf Cross-section

• The cuticle is the outermost layer of the leaf in a cross-section.

Scurvy

• A person with scurvy is lacking in vitamin C.

Small Intestine

• Ileum is a part of the small intestine.

Experiment

• An experiment involving the movement of substances across a dialysis tubing represents the processes of absorption and digestion.

Human Teeth

• The four human teeth are: Canine, Incisor, Molar, and Premolar.

Amylase Digestion

• Amylase acts in: P (mouth) and R (stomach).

Plant Transport

• Xylem transports water and mineral ions.

Oxygen and nutrients

• Capillaries provide cells with oxygen and nutrients.

Circulatory System

• The numbered blood vessels in the circulatory system are: Vena cava, Pulmonary vein, and Renal artery.

Transmission of Pathogens

• The "indirect" methods of transmitting pathogens are touching contaminated surfaces and drinking contaminated water.

Areobic Respiration

• In aerobic respiration in a plant cell, carbon dioxide and glucose are used and oxygen and water are produced.

Urea

• The kidney excretes urea.

Hormones

• The ovaries secrete oestrogen.
• The pancreas secretes insulin.

Plant Growth

• A plant shoot growing towards the light is an example of phototropism.

Flower Parts

• Stigma and style are parts of a carpel.

Bacterial Infection

• An example of what can be treated with antibiotics is a bacterial infection.

Asexual Reproduction

• Asexual reproduction is the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.

Sperm Cell Production

• In humans, sperm cells are produced in much greater numbers than egg cells because the chance of one sperm cell reaching an egg is very small.

Implantation

• An embryo is the ball of cells that implants into the lining of the uterus during sexual reproduction in humans.

Sex Chromosomes

• A Y chromosome must be present in a sperm cell to produce a male offspring.

ABO Blood Groups

• ABO blood groups are an example of one type of variation are caused by genes and the environment.

Natural Selection

• Natural selection is flowers developing petals that look like insects to attract pollinators.

Population Increase

• On a graph showing the human population increase since 1630, the longest time taken for the population to double was 200 years.

Lichens

• Lichens do not grow well in polluted air. The graph showing the change in the number of Lichen species from the centre of a polluted city shows a decline in the number of Lichen species within 15 km.

Trophic Levels

• An organism that only eats herbivores is a secondary consumer.