CHAPTER 5 Flowability of Pharmaceutical Powders
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Questions and Answers

What factors affect flowability?

  • Material characteristics
  • Equipment characteristics
  • Both material and equipment characteristics (correct)
  • Temperature and humidity

    • How can powder flowability vary?

  • Different powders can flow differently in the same hopper (correct)
  • The same powder always flows the same way in any hopper
  • Different powders always flow the same way in any hopper
  • The same powder flows differently based on the weather

    • Is powder flowability a simple concept

    False

    What is the definition of powder flowability?

    <p>The ability of a powder to flow in a specific piece of equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are flow properties?

    <p>Properties that affect the flow of a powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the flow properties mentioned in the passage?

    <p>bulk density ,permeability, cohesive strength, and wall friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do flow properties arise in a powder?

    <p>From the collective forces acting on individual particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of flow properties?

    <p>Solubility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some forces that affect the flow properties individual of powder?

    <p>Van der Waals, electrostatic, surface tension, interlocking, friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does uneven powder flow affect high-speed tableting conditions?

    <p>It reduces capping and lamination risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the purpose of reproducible filling of tablet dies and capsule dosators?

    <p>A+B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can excess fine particles in a powder affect its flowability?

    <p>Increase particle die wall friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does excess fine particles in a powder affect its flowability?

    <p>lubrication problems and increases the risk of dust contamination during powder transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of flowability in the production of pharmaceutical dosage forms?

    <p>d. All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to have uniform flow from bulk storage containers or hoppers into the feed mechanisms of tableting or capsule filling equipment?

    <p>To maintain tablet weight uniformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following flow properties is of critical significance in operations such as:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following is correct powders flow properties are measured using a number of parameters except:

    <p>blending</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What department is responsible for determining flow properties and other derived and intrinsic properties in the preformulation stage?

    <p>Research and Development department</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cohesion?

    <p>The occurrence between like surfaces, such as the same component particles in bulk solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is adhesion?

    <p>The presence of molecular forces between two different objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are adhesive and cohesive forces mainly composed of?

    <p>Short-range non-specific van der Waals forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides a useful method of characterizing the drag or frictional forces within a powder bed?

    <p>Cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of forces arise from contact or frictional charging?

    <p>Electrostatic forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an attractive force contributing to interparticulate adhesion and cohesion?

    <p>Magnetic forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are flow properties used for in the formation of stable tablets?

    <p>Ensuring continuous and uniform flow of granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Flow properties are employed as the flow measurements of the effect that the interparticulate forces acting at once.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is flow properties powders are classified?

    <p>A+B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors can affect flow properties ?

    <p>all of above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flow properties of solids have a great impact on the tableting and encapsulation process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be affected by the uniform & rapid flow of powders?

    <p>Weight variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following is correct flow property Interparticulate forces are of several types except ?

    <p>Adhesive and cohesive forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term hygroscopicity describe in the pharmaceutical Sciences?

    <p>The ability of a solid to take up and retain water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can hygroscopicity be defined?

    <p>The rate and extent of water vapor uptake by a solid at certain RH values and temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some physicochemical properties that can affect hygroscopicity?

    <p>Morphology, crystallinity, specific surface area, crystal structure, and state of hydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some possible outcomes of water uptake by a hygroscopic material?

    <p>Deliquescence and hydrate formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can deliquescence formation result in?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When water exists as a hydrate, it usually results in:

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of interactions can water molecules have with the components of a dosage form?

    <p>A+B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a salt with water of crystallisation?

    <p>Green vitriol (FeSO4·7H2O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which salt has the formula CuSO4·5H2O?

    <p>Blue vitriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound has the formula Na2CO3·10H2O?

    <p>Washing soda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does water of crystallisation get lost?

    <p>A+D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water of crystallisation:a certain fixed number of water molecules

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do efflorescent substances differ from deliquescent substances?

    <p>Efflorescent substances transform into a powdery mass after losing water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon called when hydrated crystals lose water molecules on exposure to air at normal temperature?

    <p>Efflorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an efflorescent substance on exposure to air at ordinary temperature?

    <p>Na2SO4·10H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon called when some crystalline salts absorb moisture from the air and dissolve in it to form an aqueous solution?

    <p>Deliquescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or False: Deliquescent substances always contain water of crystallization.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a deliquescent substance?

    <p>B+C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hygroscopicity?

    <p>The tendency of a material to absorb moisture from the atmosphere and reach a dynamic equilibrium with water in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a deliquescent substance?

    <p>A substance that absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and can be liquefied by partially or wholly forming a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an efflorescent substance?

    <p>A substance which loses water to form a lower hydrate or become anhydrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Factors Affecting Flowability

    • Powder flowability can be affected by various factors, including excess fine particles.

    Definition of Powder Flowability

    • Powder flowability refers to the ability of a powder to flow smoothly and consistently.

    Flow Properties

    • Flow properties are characteristics that describe the flow behavior of a powder.
    • Examples of flow properties include:
    • Cohesion (interparticle attraction)
    • Adhesion (particle-to-particle or particle-to-surface attraction)
    • Frictional forces
    • Drag forces

    Importance of Flowability

    • Uniform flow is crucial in pharmaceutical production, as it affects the quality of tablets and capsules.
    • Flowability is critical in high-speed tableting conditions to ensure consistent and accurate filling of tablet dies and capsule dosators.

    Adhesion and Cohesion

    • Adhesion: attraction between unlike particles or surfaces
    • Cohesion: attraction between like particles
    • Both adhesion and cohesion are composed of van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, and hydrogen bonding.

    Measuring Flow Properties

    • Flow properties are measured using various parameters, such as angle of repose and compressibility.

    Interparticulate Forces

    • Interparticulate forces arise from contact or frictional charging between particles.
    • Examples of interparticulate forces include van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, and hydrogen bonding.

    Hygroscopicity

    • Hygroscopicity: the ability of a substance to absorb water vapor from the air.
    • Physicochemical properties that can affect hygroscopicity include surface area, particle size, and surface chemistry.
    • Hygroscopic materials can undergo deliquescence (dissolution in absorbed water) or efflorescence (loss of water of crystallization).

    Water of Crystallization

    • Water of crystallization: water molecules incorporated into a crystal lattice.
    • Examples of salts with water of crystallization include CuSO4·5H2O and Na2CO3·10H2O.
    • Water of crystallization can be lost on exposure to air or heat.

    Deliquescent and Efflorescent Substances

    • Deliquescent substances: absorb moisture from the air and dissolve in it to form a solution.
    • Efflorescent substances: lose water of crystallization on exposure to air.
    • Examples of deliquescent substances include NaNO3 and KNO3.
    • Examples of efflorescent substances include Na2CO3 and CuSO4.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the importance of flowability in the production of pharmaceutical dosage forms, including reasons for producing free-flowing pharmaceutical powders and their impact on tablet weight uniformity and filling processes.

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