Uzma Glossary medical term from N - Z_mcq
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of NADH?

  • Synthesizes ATP in the cell
  • Transports electrons from ferrodoxin to NADP+ (correct)
  • Initiates DNA replication
  • Carries oxygen in red blood cells

    • What is necroptosis?

  • A form of apoptosis
  • Accidental death of cells resulting from an acute injury
  • A programmed cell death response to stimuli like infection or DNA damage (correct)
  • A process of cell division

    • What is the Nernst equation used for?

  • Calculating cell membrane potential (correct)
  • Synthesizing DNA
  • Measuring blood pressure
  • Predicting protein structure

    • What is the role of nerve growth factor (NGF)?

    <p>Stimulates the growth of neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neurofilament (NF) protein?

    <p>An intermediate filament protein found in nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neuron?

    <p>A nerve cell specialized for signal transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neuropeptide?

    <p>A signaling molecule secreted by neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a neurotransmitter?

    <p>A small molecule that carries signals from one neuron to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nuclear pore complex?

    <p>A channel through the nuclear envelope for nucleic acid transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nuclear transport receptor?

    <p>A protein that recognizes nuclear localization signals and mediates transport across the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nucleic acid hybridization?

    <p>The process of forming double-stranded DNA and RNA molecules by complementary base pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nucleosome?

    <p>The basic structural unit of chromatin consisting of DNA wrapped around histone proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>The breakdown of organic molecules with the use of molecular oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is p53?

    <p>A transcription factor involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is p53 tumor suppressor gene responsible for?

    <p>Arresting the cell cycle in response to damaged DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peroxisome?

    <p>Breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of profilin?

    <p>Stimulates the assembly of actin monomers into filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a plastid?

    <p>Carries out photosynthesis or stores pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the origin of replication?

    <p>Serves as a binding site for proteins that initiate DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used for?

    <p>Amplifying a region of DNA in vitro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primase?

    <p>An RNA polymerase used to initiate DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pyrimidine dimer a result of?

    <p>Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ribosome?

    <p>Initiates translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plasmodesma?

    <p>A cytoplasmic connection between adjacent plant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleotide-excision repair mechanism?

    <p>Removing oligonucleotides containing damaged bases from DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a peptidyl prolyl isomerase?

    <p>An enzyme that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of prolyl peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Storing genetic material and controlling gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nucleolus?

    <p>Site of rRNA transcription, processing, and ribosome assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nuclear pore complex?

    <p>A structure that separates the nuclear envelope from the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nuclear receptor superfamily?

    <p>Functions as transcription factors for various hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a nucleoid in a prokaryotic cell?

    <p>Stores genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNA?

    <p>Protects mRNA from degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a polyomavirus?

    <p>Acts as a DNA tumor virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

    <p>Amplifying a region of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pseudogene?

    <p>A nonfunctional gene copy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a polypeptide?

    <p>Serving as a structural protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a plasmid?

    <p>Amplifying DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)?

    <p>Stimulating fibroblast proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a plastid in plant cells?

    <p>A category of organelles including chloroplasts and chromoplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of profilin?

    <p>Stimulating actin filament assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a product in biochemical reactions?

    <p>A compound formed as a result of an enzymatic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a primase?

    <p>Stabilizing the replication fork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a pyrimidine dimer a result of?

    <p>Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photorespiration?

    <p>Metabolizing a byproduct of photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosynthesis?

    <p>Synthesizing glucose from CO2 and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosystem I?

    <p>Synthesizing NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosystem II?

    <p>Splitting water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of PI 3-kinase?

    <p>Phosphorylating PIP2 to form PIP3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphatidylinositide 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)?

    <p>Forming a component of the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phosphatidylserine?

    <p>Initiating apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a porin?

    <p>Forming channels in bacterial outer membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pre-mRNA?

    <p>Serving as a precursor to messenger RNA (mRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pre-rRNA?

    <p>Forming individual ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pre-tRNA?

    <p>Serving as a precursor to transfer RNA (tRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a pyrimidine?

    <p>Serving as a component of nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a pyrimidine dimer?

    <p>Forming covalent bonds between DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a profilin?

    <p>Facilitating actin filament assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a proplastid?

    <p>Serving as a precursor to chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a prosthetic group?

    <p>Serving as a coenzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase)?

    <p>Phosphorylating target proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of protein misfolding disease?

    <p>Causing abnormal protein folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a protein phosphatase?

    <p>Reversing protein phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a proteasome?

    <p>Degrading proteins tagged by ubiquitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a product in biochemical reactions?

    <p>Serving as a precursor to other molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of profilin?

    <p>Facilitating actin filament assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a proplastid?

    <p>Serving as a precursor to mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a pseudogene?

    <p>Serving as a functional gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of polynucleotide?

    <p>Serving as a template for DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleosome?

    <p>Packaging DNA into chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleosome core particle?

    <p>Packaging DNA into chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleotide?

    <p>Serving as a phosphorylated nucleoside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nucleotide-excision repair?

    <p>Repairing damaged DNA by removing damaged bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleus?

    <p>Containing the genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Okazaki fragments?

    <p>Forming the lagging strand of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an oligonucleotide?

    <p>A short polymer of nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an oligosaccharide?

    <p>A short polymer of sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an oncogene?

    <p>Causing abnormal cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oncogene addiction?

    <p>Dependent on the continuing activity of oncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an open-reading frame?

    <p>A stretch of nucleotide sequence that can encode a polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an operator in DNA?

    <p>Controlling transcription of an operon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an operon?

    <p>Grouping adjacent genes for transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an origin of replication in DNA?

    <p>Initiating DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an origin recognition complex (ORC)?

    <p>Initiating DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxidative metabolism?

    <p>Using molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>Synthesizing ATP coupled to electron transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of p53?

    <p>Initiating apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a p53 tumor suppressor gene?

    <p>Initiating apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of palmitoylation?

    <p>Adding palmitic acid to cysteine residues of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a papillomavirus?

    <p>Causing cervical and anogenital cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of paracrine signaling?

    <p>Local cell-cell signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of passive transport?

    <p>Transporting molecules across a membrane in an energetically favorable direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pectin in plant cell walls?

    <p>Acting as a gel-forming polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a peptide bond?

    <p>Joining amino acids in polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a peptide hormone?

    <p>Acting as a signaling molecule composed of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal component of bacterial cell walls?

    <p>Linear polysaccharide chains crosslinked by short peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of peptidyl prolyl isomerase?

    <p>Catalyzing the cis-trans isomerization of prolyl peptide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pericentriolar material in the centrosome?

    <p>Initiating apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a peripheral membrane protein?

    <p>Directly anchoring to the lipid bilayer of cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a peroxin (Pex protein)?

    <p>Involvement in peroxisome assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a peroxisome?

    <p>Carrying out oxidative reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a plastid in plant cells?

    <p>Carrying out photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNAs?

    <p>Stabilizing the mRNA and facilitating translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of polyadenylation in eukaryotic gene expression?

    <p>Adding a poly-A tail to pre-mRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

    <p>Amplifying a region of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polynucleotide?

    <p>A polymer containing multiple nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polypeptide?

    <p>A polymer containing multiple amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a polysaccharide?

    <p>Serving as a polymer containing multiple sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a polyomavirus?

    <p>A type of DNA tumor virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principal component of plant cell walls?

    <p>Linear polysaccharide chains crosslinked by short peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a primary cilium on animal cells?

    <p>Sensing extracellular signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosystem I in photosynthesis?

    <p>Synthesizing NADPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosystem II in photosynthesis?

    <p>Synthesizing ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Serving as a phospholipid component of the inner leaflet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphatidylserine in cell membranes?

    <p>Serving as a phospholipid component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a phospholipid transfer protein?

    <p>Transferring lipids between cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the origin recognition complex (ORC)?

    <p>Initiating DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an operon?

    <p>Transcribing multiple genes as a single mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an operator in DNA?

    <p>Regulating transcription by binding to a repressor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a porin in the outer membranes of some bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts?

    <p>Forming channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a pre-mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Serving as an intermediate in mRNA processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a pre-rRNA in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Serving as a precursor for ribosomal RNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a pre-tRNA in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Serving as a precursor for transfer RNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a primase in DNA replication?

    <p>Synthesizing DNA primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a plastid in plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)?

    <p>Stimulating fibroblast proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pluripotency in cell biology?

    <p>Differentiating into all cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the PML/RARα protein in acute promyelocytic leukemia?

    <p>Initiating apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a polypeptide in cell biology?

    <p>Serving as a structural or functional protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteasomes in cells?

    <p>Degrading proteins tagged by ubiquitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of protein kinase A (cAMP-dependent protein kinase)?

    <p>Regulating various cellular processes by phosphorylating proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a product in enzymatic reactions?

    <p>Serving as a substrate for subsequent reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of profilin in the cell?

    <p>Stimulating the assembly of actin monomers into filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of programmed cell death in biology?

    <p>Initiating apoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Lacking a nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a prometaphase in mitosis?

    <p>Attaching microtubules to kinetochores and aligning chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a proplastid in plant cells?

    <p>Developing into different types of mature plastids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a primary culture in cell biology?

    <p>Establishing the initial cell culture from a tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a primary structure in protein biology?

    <p>Determining the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of polyadenylation in eukaryotic gene expression?

    <p>Adding a poly-A tail to pre-mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a polyomavirus in virology?

    <p>Initiating DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a polycistronic mRNA?

    <p>Encoding multiple polypeptide cha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Polycomb proteins in epigenetics?

    <p>Methylating histone H3 lysine 27</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in molecular biology?

    <p>Amplifying a region of DNA in vitro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a polynucleotide in genetics?

    <p>Serving as a polymer of nucleotides in nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of polypeptides in cells?

    <p>Serving as structural or functional proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the potassium-sodium pump (Na+/K+ pump) in cells?

    <p>Maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) in cellular respiration?

    <p>Producing ATP and reducing equivalents (NADH and FADH2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kinase A protein (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) in cell signaling?

    <p>Phosphorylating target proteins in response to cyclic AMP (cAMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a lamin protein in the cell nucleus?

    <p>Providing structural support to the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a lamina in cell biology?

    <p>Providing structural support to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lac operon in bacterial gene regulation?

    <p>Initiating transcription of lactose-utilizing genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Ku complex in ?

    <p>Binding to broken DNA ends and facilitating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a kinase in cell signaling?

    <p>Adding phosphate groups to target proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a junctional complex in cell biology?

    <p>Facilitating cell-cell adhesion and communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of interferons in the immune system?

    <p>Initiating transcription of immune response genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of intermediate filament proteins in cells?

    <p>Providing structural support to the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleolus in the cell nucleus?

    <p>Site of rRNA transcription, processing, and ribosome assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleolar organizing region (NOR) on a chromosome?

    <p>Initiating transcription of ribosomal RNA genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleotide-excision repair mechanism in ?

    <p>Removing oligonucleotides containing damaged bases from DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nuclear receptor superfamily in transcriptional regulation?

    <p>Regulating the response to steroid hormones and other signaling molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleosome core particle in chromatin structure?

    <p>Wrapping 146 base pairs of DNA around an octamer of histone proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleotide in cellular biology?

    <p>Serving as a monomer of nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleoside in cellular biology?

    <p>Serving as a building block of nucleic acids when combined with a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleoplasm in the cell nucleus?

    <p>Serving as the gel-like substance within the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear body in the cell nucleus?

    <p>Serving as a discrete organelle within the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear pore complex in the cell nucleus?

    <p>Serving as a transport channel through the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear membrane in cellular biology?

    <p>Separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear localization signal in cellular biology?

    <p>Targeting proteins for transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear export signal in cellular biology?

    <p>Targeting proteins for transport from the nucleus to the cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear lamina in cellular biology?

    <p>Providing structural support to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear envelope in cellular biology?

    <p>Separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Containing the cell's genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleic acid hybridization in molecular biology?

    <p>Forming double-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules by complementary base pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleosome in chromatin structure?

    <p>Wrapping DNA around histone proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleosome core particle in chromatin structure?

    <p>Wrapping 146 base pairs of DNA around an octamer of histone proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleotide in cellular biology?

    <p>Serving as a monomer of nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleoside in cellular biology?

    <p>Serving as a building block of nucleic acids when combined with a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleoplasm in the cell nucleus?

    <p>Serving as the gel-like substance within the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear body in the cell nucleus?

    <p>Serving as a discrete organelle within the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear pore complex in the cell nucleus?

    <p>Serving as a transport channel through the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear membrane in cellular biology?

    <p>Separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear receptor superfamily in cellular biology?

    <p>Acting as receptors for steroid hormones, thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, and vitamin D3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nuclear transport receptor in cellular biology?

    <p>Recognizing nuclear localization signals and mediating transport across the nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleic acid hybridization in molecular biology?

    <p>Forming double-stranded DNA and/or RNA molecules by complementary base pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Containing the cell's genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

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