Auto Workshop: Tools, Maintenance & Management

Auto Workshop Layout & Equipments

• Torque wrenches tighten important nuts and bolts in automobiles to a specified torque.
• Feeler gauges measure valve clearance, spark plug gap, and contact breaker gap.
• Pneumatic tools operate using compressed air.
• High-pressure grease guns lubricate installed automobile bearings.

Engine Reconditioning Equipment & Maintenance

• Carbon deposits in cylinders result from rich charge mixtures, using the wrong grade of oil, and unnecessary idling.
• Carbon deposition causes engine knockings, missing explosions, and power loss.
• The maximum permissible ovality for an engine cylinder is generally specified as 0.01 mm.
• Valve seats that are pitted, widened, or worn can be reconditioned using a valve seat cutter, valve refacer, honing, or a ridge remover.

Maintenance Management and Record Keeping

• Preventative maintenance reduces mechanical failures.
• Breakdown maintenance provides attention when a motor vehicle is immobilized.
• Periodic or operative maintenance is performed after a motor vehicle has been in operation for a specified time or covered distance.
• Daily maintenance by the operator ensures the vehicle runs properly.

Engine System Maintenance

• A six-cylinder inline fuel injection pump has injection phase intervals of 60 degrees.
• Phasing the fuel injection pump ensures proper intervals between successive injections.
• Calibrating the fuel injection pump ensures metering of equal quantities of fuel.
• Injector testers assess pressure, leak-off, and spray characteristics.
• An engine will seize if it runs continuously without lubrication oil.
• Low oil pressure is commonly due to low oil levels, worn oil pumps, or weak/broken pressure relief valves.
• A glow plug is an electrical device in the cylinder head of some internal combustion engines that ignites compressed charge.
• A thermostat regulates coolant flow in the cooling system by opening and closing based on engine temperature.
• A radiator is a finned box at the front of the vehicle that cools the antifreeze coolant.
• The water pump forces coolant through radiator hoses and into the radiator.
• Air filters remove solid particulates like dust, pollen, mold, and bacteria.
• The carburetor vaporizes petrol (gasoline) and provides the required air-fuel mixture to the engine cylinder.

Chassis Maintenance

• A clutch connects the engine's flywheel to the transmission.
• Gear oil viscosity varies with operating temperature and determines its effectiveness.
• A rigid axle system connects each wheel rigidly on either side of an axle.
• Frame damage often results from vehicle collisions, excessive bending moments, or localized stress concentrations.
• The master cylinder moves brake fluid under pressure to operate the braking system.
• Vulcanization originally referred to treating natural rubber with sulfur.
• Dolly and hammers aid in sheet metal dent removal.
• Rack and pinion steering gear systems used in vehicles above GVW 25000kg.
• Retreading, also known as recap or remold, is a tire remanufacturing process that replaces treads on worn tires.
• Radial ply tires are more flexible than bias ply tires, which helps the tread and sidewall conform to the road better, especially during cornering.