Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term used to describe the emergence of a new pattern of walking in response to perturbations?
What is the term used to describe the emergence of a new pattern of walking in response to perturbations?
- Stability transition
- Pattern emergence
- Phase shift (correct)
- Equilibrium shift
What is the term for any change in a system’s environment that causes disequilibrium in the system?
What is the term for any change in a system’s environment that causes disequilibrium in the system?
- Disturbance
- Disruption
- Perturbance (correct)
- Instability
What happens to the system of muscular actions controlling a person’s gait pattern when walking on an incline?
What happens to the system of muscular actions controlling a person’s gait pattern when walking on an incline?
- It ceases to function
- It becomes more efficient in meeting the task goal
- It becomes unstable and self-organizes into a new pattern (correct)
- It remains unchanged
What is the term used to describe the spatial-temporal patterns of gait involved in walking on a flat surface when perturbed?
What is the term used to describe the spatial-temporal patterns of gait involved in walking on a flat surface when perturbed?
What will deeper basin attractors exert on muscular organizational patterns?
What will deeper basin attractors exert on muscular organizational patterns?
When will phase shifts to other attractors emerge?
When will phase shifts to other attractors emerge?
What does learning from a dynamical systems perspective involve?
What does learning from a dynamical systems perspective involve?
What does learning from a dynamical systems perspective balance?
What does learning from a dynamical systems perspective balance?
What does learning from a dynamical systems perspective entail?
What does learning from a dynamical systems perspective entail?
What do both dynamical systems theory and schema theory provide?
What do both dynamical systems theory and schema theory provide?
What is emphasized in both dynamical systems theory and schema theory?
What is emphasized in both dynamical systems theory and schema theory?
How is learning seen from a dynamical systems perspective?
How is learning seen from a dynamical systems perspective?
What are attractors in human movement systems?
What are attractors in human movement systems?
What is the role of attractor basins in controlling a system?
What is the role of attractor basins in controlling a system?
What did the experiment by Kelso and Schoner demonstrate regarding human movement coordination?
What did the experiment by Kelso and Schoner demonstrate regarding human movement coordination?
What determines the depth of a basin in a human movement system?
What determines the depth of a basin in a human movement system?
What characterizes the early stages of learning a skill in terms of attractor basins?
What characterizes the early stages of learning a skill in terms of attractor basins?
What occurs when a system self-organizes into a new stable phase in response to external perturbations?
What occurs when a system self-organizes into a new stable phase in response to external perturbations?
What do well-learned skill patterns in attractor basins tend to be?
What do well-learned skill patterns in attractor basins tend to be?
What is the state space for a particular motor skill made up of?
What is the state space for a particular motor skill made up of?
What are phase shifts in human movement systems a response to?
What are phase shifts in human movement systems a response to?
What do systems prefer and self-organize into when the existing phase becomes unstable?
What do systems prefer and self-organize into when the existing phase becomes unstable?
What do attractors do in human movement systems?
What do attractors do in human movement systems?
What do attractor basins collect and maintain in human movement systems?
What do attractor basins collect and maintain in human movement systems?
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Study Notes
Attractors and Phase Shifts in Human Movement Systems
- Sudden phase shifts, or tipping points, are common in nature and occur when a system self-organizes into a new stable phase in response to external perturbations.
- Systems prefer states of stability and self-organize into new stable phases, known as attractors, when the existing phase becomes unstable due to external constraints.
- Attractors are organizational arrangements that keep a system's component parts working in harmony to fulfill the system's mission.
- Human movement systems have attractors that maintain stable movement patterns with the greatest efficiency in specific situations.
- An experiment by Kelso and Schoner demonstrated the role of attractors and phase shifts in human movement coordination.
- In the experiment, subjects shifted from an antiphase pattern to an in-phase pattern when the speed of the metronome reached a critical point.
- Two attractors were observed in the experiment, one organizing finger movements in an antiphase manner and the other in an in-phase manner.
- Attractor basins collect and maintain patterns of behavior used in controlling a system, with some basins being shallow and easily susceptible to change, while others are deep and stable.
- The depth of a basin, a preferred state of muscular-skeletal organization, is a function of genetics and learning, with well-learned skill patterns being deep and difficult to overcome.
- The state space for a particular motor skill is made up of many attractors, with well-learned behaviors pooling into deeper and deeper basins.
- In the early stages of learning a skill, most attractors available for controlling action are represented by shallow basins, making the associated behavioral patterns relatively unstable and easily disturbed by perturbations in the environment.
- As individuals continue to learn, well-learned behaviors pool into deeper and deeper basins, resulting in more stable movement patterns.
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