24 Questions
What is the term used to describe the emergence of a new pattern of walking in response to perturbations?
Phase shift
What is the term for any change in a system’s environment that causes disequilibrium in the system?
Perturbance
What happens to the system of muscular actions controlling a person’s gait pattern when walking on an incline?
It becomes unstable and self-organizes into a new pattern
What is the term used to describe the spatial-temporal patterns of gait involved in walking on a flat surface when perturbed?
Perturbed gait pattern
What will deeper basin attractors exert on muscular organizational patterns?
Stronger draw and stability
When will phase shifts to other attractors emerge?
When sufficient environmental changes occur
What does learning from a dynamical systems perspective involve?
Exploration of the state space and development of deep basins of attraction
What does learning from a dynamical systems perspective balance?
Exploration and exploitation of the performance landscape
What does learning from a dynamical systems perspective entail?
Providing learners with opportunities for self-discovery of movement options
What do both dynamical systems theory and schema theory provide?
Useful conceptualizations about how learning occurs
What is emphasized in both dynamical systems theory and schema theory?
Variability of practice
How is learning seen from a dynamical systems perspective?
Balancing exploration and exploitation of the performance landscape
What are attractors in human movement systems?
Organizational arrangements maintaining stable movement patterns
What is the role of attractor basins in controlling a system?
Collect and maintain patterns of behavior
What did the experiment by Kelso and Schoner demonstrate regarding human movement coordination?
The role of attractors and phase shifts
What determines the depth of a basin in a human movement system?
Genetics and learning
What characterizes the early stages of learning a skill in terms of attractor basins?
Most attractors are represented by shallow basins
What occurs when a system self-organizes into a new stable phase in response to external perturbations?
Sudden phase shifts or tipping points
What do well-learned skill patterns in attractor basins tend to be?
Deep and difficult to overcome
What is the state space for a particular motor skill made up of?
Many attractors
What are phase shifts in human movement systems a response to?
External perturbations
What do systems prefer and self-organize into when the existing phase becomes unstable?
New stable phases
What do attractors do in human movement systems?
Maintain stable movement patterns
What do attractor basins collect and maintain in human movement systems?
Patterns of behavior
Study Notes
Attractors and Phase Shifts in Human Movement Systems
- Sudden phase shifts, or tipping points, are common in nature and occur when a system self-organizes into a new stable phase in response to external perturbations.
- Systems prefer states of stability and self-organize into new stable phases, known as attractors, when the existing phase becomes unstable due to external constraints.
- Attractors are organizational arrangements that keep a system's component parts working in harmony to fulfill the system's mission.
- Human movement systems have attractors that maintain stable movement patterns with the greatest efficiency in specific situations.
- An experiment by Kelso and Schoner demonstrated the role of attractors and phase shifts in human movement coordination.
- In the experiment, subjects shifted from an antiphase pattern to an in-phase pattern when the speed of the metronome reached a critical point.
- Two attractors were observed in the experiment, one organizing finger movements in an antiphase manner and the other in an in-phase manner.
- Attractor basins collect and maintain patterns of behavior used in controlling a system, with some basins being shallow and easily susceptible to change, while others are deep and stable.
- The depth of a basin, a preferred state of muscular-skeletal organization, is a function of genetics and learning, with well-learned skill patterns being deep and difficult to overcome.
- The state space for a particular motor skill is made up of many attractors, with well-learned behaviors pooling into deeper and deeper basins.
- In the early stages of learning a skill, most attractors available for controlling action are represented by shallow basins, making the associated behavioral patterns relatively unstable and easily disturbed by perturbations in the environment.
- As individuals continue to learn, well-learned behaviors pool into deeper and deeper basins, resulting in more stable movement patterns.
Explore the concept of attractors and phase shifts in human movement systems, where systems self-organize into stable phases in response to external perturbations. Learn about attractors as organizational arrangements that maintain stable movement patterns efficiently in specific situations.
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