CPU: The Brain of the Computer

The CPU: Brain of the Computer

• A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a single silicon-based electronic chip that enables a computer to function.
• The CPU is also referred to as a microprocessor.
• CPUs are found in various devices, including desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, smartwatches, and even appliances like washing machines.

CPU Structure and Components

• The CPU is typically located on the motherboard, hidden beneath a heat sink and often a fan assembly.
• CPU manufacturers assign names to their microprocessors, similar to the automobile industry, including make and model (e.g., Intel Core i9, Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 1, or AMD Ryzen 7).

Overview of the Chapter

• The chapter explores microprocessors in detail, covering their inner workings, components, and interactions with the rest of the computer.
• The chapter is divided into five sections: how processors work, CPU-memory interactions, modern CPUs, selecting and installing CPUs, and troubleshooting CPUs.

SSD (Solid-state Drive)

• A type of storage that uses all memory and has no moving parts
• Characteristics: silent, fast access time, and less latency
• Available in 2.5 inch and 1.8 inch form factors

Hybrid Drive (SSHD)

• A type of storage that combines flash memory and hard drive storage
• SSD caches the hard drive data
• Uses a magnetic disk with traditional spinning drive platters

Replacing Laptop Storage

• A relatively modular process
• Typically involves removing two screws and sliding the drive out
• All internal components are accessible by opening a cover on the back or the entire laptop

Laptop Memory

• Uses SO-DIMM (Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module) or Micro-DIMM (Micro-Dual In-line Memory Module)
• Specifically designed for laptops and mobile devices

Smart Card Reader

• An integrated card reader built into the laptop
• Can also be an external reader connected via USB

Optical Drive

• Not commonly used in portable devices due to size constraints
• Becoming less common in modern laptops
• Often removable and can be replaced with other media
• Capable of reading and writing CD-RW/CD-ROM and DVD-RW/DVD-ROM

Video Cards

• Often built into the processor and not upgradable
• Sometimes part of the system board and not upgradable
• Some laptops have upgradable video cards, but not the slimline models