Historical Background of Physical Education
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Questions and Answers

According to the WHO, what does health literacy involve knowing about?

  • Only how and where to seek further information when required
  • Bodily functions and signs of dysfunction/function, how to find, interpret and understand information, and how and where to seek further information when required (correct)
  • Only bodily functions and signs of dysfunction/function
  • Only how to find, interpret and understand information

    • What is Physical Literacy?

  • The ability to read and write with confidence and competence
  • The ability to move with confidence and competence using all the physical assets one has at their disposal at any given point in time across varying contexts (correct)
  • The ability to understand health-related information and use basic skills in reading and writing
  • The ability to analyse health-related information in order to exert control over life events and a capacity to act on the determinants of health

    • Which level of health literacy involves the ability to critically analyse health-related information?

  • Level 3 - Critical: Health Literacy (correct)
  • Level 4 - Advanced: Health Literacy
  • Level 1 - Functional: Health Literacy
  • Level 2 - Interactive: Health Literacy

    • What is a consequence of low levels of literacy in children?

    <p>Worse health outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of a child’s development is about creating meaning of the world and building and maintaining relationships?

    <p>Being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of physical education in ancient Greek schools?

    <p>To educate healthy citizens who are self-regulating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for promoting physical activity in primary school and ECE?

    <p>To develop fundamental movement skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the UNESCO Charter, what is the fundamental right of every human being?

    <p>Access to physical education and sport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of physical activity that is mentioned in the content?

    <p>Improved behaviour management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current trend in physical education and sport in schools?

    <p>Emergence of student-centred approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health literacy involves knowing about bodily functions and signs of dysfunction alone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical literacy integrates physical, cognitive, and social domains of learning.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children whose parents had high literacy have worse health outcomes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Achieving high levels of literacy in a population is not a vital development goal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Being' aspect of a child's development is about future identity formation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ancient Greece, physical education was primarily used for military fitness and social control.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Game Sense, Sport Education, and TGfU are teacher-centred approaches to physical education.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Family and culture have no impact on physical activity levels.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical activity only improves physical health, but not behaviour issues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The UNESCO Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport only guarantees access to physical education within the educational system.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following historical purposes of physical education with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Survival = Used in ancient times for physical education Social control = Used to educate healthy citizens who are self-regulating, informed, critically reflective and capable of constructing their own healthy lifestyle Military fitness = Used to prepare for war Citizen education = Used to develop personality through physical education and sport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors that may impact physical activity with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Age = Affects access to physical activity Gender = Influences choices of physical activity Socioeconomic status = Impacts access to resources and equipment Technology = Can hinder physical activity through excessive screen time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following benefits of physical activity in primary school and ECE with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Fundamental movement skills = Develops physical abilities Social benefits = Improves behaviour issues and assists in behaviour management Access to physical activity = Is a fundamental human right Exploration and learning = Establishes good habits during formative years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following approaches to physical education with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Game Sense = More student-centred approach Sport Education = Targets outcomes other than physical health TGfU = Integrated with physical literacy Direct teaching = An alternative approach to student-centred methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of physical education with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Physical Literacy = Combines physical, cognitive, and social domains of learning Lifelong physical activity = Develops healthy citizens through physical education PE and Sport = Separate entities in schools with different goals Physical activity = Only improves physical health, but not behaviour issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following levels of health literacy with their descriptions:

    <p>Level 1 = individuals, and communities, need to critically analyse health-related information Level 2 = individuals, and communities, need to critically analyse health-related information Level 3 = personal communication and social skills used to extract and derive information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following domains of physical literacy with their descriptions:

    <p>Physical = motivation, confidence, self-esteem, engagement Affective = physical competence, FMS, health and skill related fitness, technique Cognitive = teamwork, leadership, problem solving, decision making, communicating, conflict resolution Social = knowledge and understanding of active lifestyles, awareness of rules, tactics, strategy, feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of a child's development with their descriptions:

    <p>Belonging = create meaning of the world, development of identity and learning about themselves Being = future identity formation, knowledge and understanding of the world Becoming = engaging with everyday life experiences, preparation for the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following consequences of low levels of literacy with their descriptions:

    <p>Risk taking = Children whose parents had low literacy has worse health outcomes Violent behaviour = risk taking and violent behaviour Worse health outcomes = child and parent literacy associated with important health outcomes Important health outcomes = child and parent literacy associated with important health outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following responses to low levels of literacy with their descriptions:

    <p>Improving access to education = providing adult education to those who missed out Providing adult education = improving access to effective school education Improving education = removing the numerous barriers to achievement of primary education Removing barriers = improving access to effective school education and providing adult education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Historically, physical education has been used for the purposes of survival, social control, military fitness, ______, holistic development and citizen education from the time of the ancient

    <p>health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Greek schools, Health and Physical Education has played a part in contributing to the task of educating for a ‘clever country’ by educating healthy citizens who are self-regulating, informed, critically ______, and capable of constructing their own healthy lifestyle

    <p>reflective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The contribution of sports participation to the making of citizens who are ______ is significant

    <p>capable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Access to physical activity is a ______ Human Right

    <p>Fundamental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The UNESCO Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport states that every human being has a fundamental right of access to physical education and sport, which are essential for the full development of his ______

    <p>personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health literacy is the cognitive ability to understand and interpret the meaning of health information in written, spoken or digital ______.

    <p>form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Achieving high levels of literacy in a population is not only a vital ______ goal.

    <p>development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Physical literacy involves a continuum of learning by enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge, movement and ______ and to participate fully in their community and wider society.

    <p>potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'Being' aspect of a child's development is about creating meaning of the world, development of identity and learning about themselves, building and maintaining ______.

    <p>relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Responding to low levels of literacy in a population involved improving access to effective school education and providing adult education to those who missed out, which is harder than it ______.

    <p>sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Historical Background of Physical Education

    • Physical education has been used for various purposes, including survival, social control, military fitness (thể dục quân sự), health, holistic development (phát triển toàn diện), and citizen education, since ancient times.
    • In Greek schools, physical education contributed to educating healthy citizens who are self-regulating (điều chỉnh), informed (am hiểu), critically reflective, and capable (có khả năng) of constructing their own healthy lifestyle.
    • Lifelong physical activity and physical literacy are key focuses.
    • Outside school sport and physical education are recognised as separate entities (thực thể riêng biệt) in schools.
    • There is a gap between primary school and high school physical education.
    • Approaches targeting outcomes other than physical health, such as social benefits, are emerging (mới nổi).
    • Student-centered approaches like Game Sense, Sport Education, and TGfU are gaining popularity.

    Factors Impacting Physical Activity

    • Age, gender, socioeconomic status, family, culture, technology, equipment/resources, homework, and home activities like tutoring, sport, and chores can impact physical activity.

    Importance of Promoting Physical Activity in Primary School and ECE

    • Fundamental (cơ bản) movement skills are developed through physical activity.
    • Social benefits, such as improved behavior and behavior management, are achieved through physical activity.
    • Access to physical activity is a fundamental human right, as stated in the UNESCO Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport (1978).
    • Exploration and learning through play are promoted through physical activity.
    • Establishing good habits during formative years is crucial.
    • Physical activity is enjoyable and promotes fun.

    Health Literac

    • Health literacy is the ability to understand and interpret health information in written, spoken, or digital form.
    • It involves knowing about bodily functions, signs of dysfunction, and how to find and interpret health information.
    • Health literacy is essential for making sound health decisions and improving personal and community health.
    • Low levels of health literacy in children are associated with poor health outcomes, risk-taking behavior, and violent behavior.

    Responding to Low Health Literacy

    • Improving access to effective school education and providing adult education can address low health literacy.
    • Achieving high levels of literacy in a population is a crucial development goal.

    Model of Health Literacy

    • Level 1: Functional Health Literacy - ability to understand health-related information and use basic skills.
    • Level 2: Interactive Health Literacy - personal communication and social skills to extract and derive information.
    • Level 3: Critical Health Literacy - critical analysis of health-related information to exert control over life events.

    Physical Literacy

    • The ability to move with confidence and competence using physical assets across varying contexts.
    • Physical literacy involves a continuum of learning, integrating physical, affective, cognitive, and social domains.

    Domains of Physical Literacy

    • Physical: physical competence, fundamental movement skills, health and skill-related fitness, technique.
    • Affective: motivation, confidence, self-esteem, engagement.
    • Cognitive: knowledge and understanding of active lifestyles, awareness of rules, tactics, strategy, feedback.
    • Social: teamwork, leadership, problem-solving, decision-making, communicating, conflict resolution.

    Belonging, Being, and Becoming

    • Belonging: knowing where and with whom you belong, including families, neighbors, community groups.
    • Being: creating meaning of the world, developing identity, building and maintaining relationships, engaging with everyday life experiences.
    • Becoming: future identity formation, knowledge and understanding of the world, skills and changes during childhood, experiences and events, growth, collaboration between educators, families, and children.

    Historical Context of Physical Education

    • Physical education has been used for various purposes, including survival, social control, military fitness, health, holistic development, and citizen education, dating back to ancient times.
    • In Greek schools, physical education contributed to educating healthy citizens who are self-regulating, informed, critically reflective, and capable of constructing their own healthy lifestyle.

    Current State of Physical Education

    • There is a focus on lifelong physical activity and physical literacy.
    • Outside school sports and physical education in schools are separate entities.
    • There is a gap between primary school and high school physical education.
    • Approaches targeting outcomes other than physical health, such as social outcomes, are emerging.
    • Student-centered approaches, like Game Sense, Sport Education, and TGfU, are gaining popularity.

    Factors Impacting Physical Activity

    • Age, gender, socioeconomic status, family, culture, technology, equipment/resources, and homework/home activities can all impact physical activity.

    Importance of Promoting Physical Activity in Primary School and ECE

    • Fundamental movement skills are essential for children's development.
    • Physical activity has social benefits and is a fundamental human right.
    • It improves behavior issues and assists in behavior management.
    • Exploration and learning through play, establishing good habits, and having fun are all important aspects of physical activity.

    Health Literacy

    • Health literacy is the ability to understand and interpret health information in written, spoken, or digital form.
    • It involves knowing about bodily functions, how to find and interpret information, and how to seek further information when needed.

    Levels of Health Literacy

    • Level 1: Functional - ability to understand health-related information and use basic skills in reading and writing.
    • Level 2: Interactive - personal communication and social skills used to extract and derive information and act independently.
    • Level 3: Critical - ability to critically analyze health-related information and exert control over life events.

    Physical Literacy

    • Physical literacy is the ability to move with confidence and competence using all physical assets.
    • It integrates physical, affective, cognitive, and social domains of learning.

    Domains of Physical Literacy

    • Physical: physical competence, fundamental movement skills, health, and skill-related fitness.
    • Affective: motivation, confidence, self-esteem, and engagement.
    • Cognitive: knowledge and understanding of active lifestyles, awareness of rules, tactics, and strategy.
    • Social: teamwork, leadership, problem-solving, decision-making, communicating, and conflict resolution.

    Belonging, Being, and Becoming

    • Belonging: knowing where and with whom you belong, including families, neighbors, and community groups.
    • Being: creating meaning of the world, developing identity, building and maintaining relationships, and engaging with everyday life experiences.
    • Becoming: future identity formation, knowledge and understanding of the world, skills and changes during childhood, and growth.

    Historical Background of Physical Education

    • Physically education has been used for survival, social control, military fitness, health, holistic development, and citizen education since ancient times.
    • In Greek schools, physical education contributed to educating healthy citizens who are self-regulating, informed, critically reflective, and capable of constructing their own healthy lifestyle.

    Current State of Physical Education

    • Emphasis on lifelong physical activity and physical literacy.
    • Separation of physical education and sport in schools.
    • Emergence of approaches targeting outcomes other than physical health, such as social benefits.
    • Factors impacting physical activity include age, gender, socioeconomic status, family, culture, technology, equipment, and homework.

    Importance of Promoting Physical Activity in Primary School and ECE

    • Fundamental movement skills.
    • Social benefits.
    • Access to physical activity is a fundamental human right.
    • Physical activity improves behavior issues and assists in behavior management.
    • Exploration and learning through play.
    • Establishing good habits during formative years.
    • Fun.

    UNESCO Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport (1978)

    • Every human being has a fundamental right to access physical education and sport, essential for full personality development.
    • Freedom to develop physical, intellectual, and moral powers through physical education and sport must be guaranteed.

    Health Literacy

    • Cognitive ability to understand and interpret health information in written, spoken, or digital form.
    • Impacts ability to make sound health decisions in everyday life.
    • Involves knowing about bodily functions, finding and interpreting information, and seeking further information.

    Evidence of Health Literacy in Children

    • Child and parent literacy associated with important health outcomes.
    • Risk-taking and violent behavior.
    • Children with low-literacy parents have worse health outcomes.

    Responding to Low Health Literacy

    • Improving access to effective school education and providing adult education to those who missed out.

    Model of Health Literacy

    • Level 1: Functional - ability to understand health-related information and use basic skills.
    • Level 2: Interactive - personal communication and social skills to extract and derive information.
    • Level 3: Critical - critically analyzing health-related information to exert control over life events.

    Physical Literacy

    • Ability to move with confidence and competence using physical assets across varying contexts.
    • Integrates physical, affective, cognitive, and social domains of learning.

    Physical Literacy Domains

    • Physical: physical competence, FMS, health, and skill-related fitness.
    • Affective: motivation, confidence, self-esteem, and engagement.
    • Cognitive: knowledge and understanding of active lifestyles, awareness of rules, tactics, and strategy.
    • Social: teamwork, leadership, problem-solving, decision-making, and communicating.

    Belonging, Being, and Becoming

    • Belonging: knowing where and with whom you belong, including families, neighbors, and community groups.
    • Being: creating meaning of the world, developing identity, building and maintaining relationships.
    • Becoming: future identity formation, knowledge and understanding of the world, skills, and changes during childhood.

    Historical Background of Physical Education

    • Physical education has been used for various purposes, including survival, social control, military fitness, health, and holistic development, dating back to ancient Greece.
    • In Greek schools, physical education contributed to educating healthy citizens who are self-regulating, informed, critically reflective, and capable of constructing their own healthy lifestyle.

    Current State of Physical Education

    • Lifelong physical activity and physical literacy are promoted through outside school sports and separate physical education and sports programs in schools.
    • There is a gap between primary school and high school physical education programs.
    • Approaches like Game Sense, Sport Education, and TGfU are emerging, focusing on student-centered outcomes beyond physical health.
    • Factors affecting physical activity include age, gender, socioeconomic status, family, culture, technology, equipment/resources, homework, and home activities.

    Importance of Promoting Physical Activity in Primary School and ECE

    • Fundamental movement skills, social benefits, and access to physical activity as a fundamental human right are essential.
    • Physical activity improves behavior issues, assists in behavior management, and enhances exploration and learning through play.
    • Establishing good habits during formative years and having fun are also key benefits.

    Health Literacy

    • The UNESCO Charter of Physical Education, Physical Activity and Sport (1978) states that every human being has a fundamental right to access physical education and sport.
    • Health literacy involves understanding and interpreting health information, impacting individuals' ability to make sound health decisions.
    • Health literacy consists of three levels: functional, interactive, and critical, with critical literacy enabling individuals to critically analyze health-related information and exert control over life events.

    Physical Literacy

    • Physical literacy is the ability to move with confidence and competence using all physical assets across varying contexts.
    • It integrates physical, affective, cognitive, and social domains of learning, enabling individuals to achieve their goals, develop knowledge, and participate fully in their community.

    Other Important Concepts

    • Belonging involves knowing where and with whom you belong, acknowledging one's role within groups, and independence within those groups.
    • Being involves creating meaning in the world, developing identity, building relationships, engaging with everyday life experiences, and preparing for the future.
    • Becoming involves future identity formation, knowledge, and understanding of the world, skills, and changes during childhood, collaboration between educators, families, and children, and transitioning to school.

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    Explore the historical purposes and contributions of physical education, from ancient times to Greek schools, including survival, social control, military fitness, and more.

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