24 Questions
What is a consequence of peer group interactions on the emotional well-being of individuals?
Enhanced mutual concern and interdependence
What role do peer group norms play in the behavior of individuals?
Internalize collective values and norms
What is the relationship between peer group interactions and identity?
Peer groups contribute to a collective identity
What do peer groups provide beyond what the family offers?
A source of validation
What is a factor that influences the likelihood of engaging in risk behaviors?
The crowd in which the peer group is contextualized
What do peer groups provide for the expression and regulation of emotions?
A context for emotional regulation
What is a characteristic of group norms according to Wellen, Hogg, and Terry (1998)?
Emergent properties of group
What is a phrase used to describe the relationship between the self and others?
The self is fundamentally relational
What is the primary value that adolescents learn from their barkada regarding relationships?
Appreciation for the relational bonds formed through interactions
How do adolescents recognize the importance of belonging in a peer group?
By recognizing the capability of peers to dispel loneliness
What is an important aspect of pakikisama in the context of adolescent peer groups?
Expressing the desire to participate in the experiences and share in the collective decisions of the entire barkada
What is a key value that adolescents learn from their peer group regarding self-improvement?
Discovering an avenue for developing skills that would enhance one's potentials
How do adolescents learn to take care of themselves through their peer group?
By learning to 'take care', 'prioritize', and 'give importance' to one's self
What is a key aspect of valuing relationships with others in the context of adolescent peer groups?
Appreciating the importance of being together
How do adolescents learn to express trust in themselves and others through their peer group?
By learning to express trust in oneself and for others
What is a key value that adolescents learn from their peer group regarding self-awareness?
Acknowledging one's own self-worth and discovering an avenue for developing skills
What is the primary drive behind adolescents forming and joining peer groups according to the Belongingness Hypothesis?
To develop a sense of belonging and self-concept
What is the role of peer group interactions in shaping adolescents' growth trajectories?
They significantly influence adolescents' growth trajectories
Which theory suggests that one's identity is shaped by how others perceive them?
Looking Glass Self
What is the primary factor influencing peer group selection according to Brown and Lohr (1987)?
General peer approval
What is the role of peer interactions in developing affirmative self-concept and identity according to Newman and Newman (1976)?
They are essential to developing self-concept and identity
What is the relationship between peer group membership and self-concept according to Social Identity Theory?
A strong sense of group identification helps develop greater self-concept and self-esteem
What is the primary influence on adolescents' formation and joining of peer groups?
Drive to belong and form positive relationships
What is the significance of peer group interactions throughout the lifespan?
They are significant throughout the lifespan
Study Notes
Values Learned from the Barkada
- Valuing one's self and relationships with others are the most salient values learned from being part of a barkada (peer group).
- Displaying trust and having resolve are additional values recognized as beneficial from being with a barkada.
- Belonging to a peer group allows adolescents to realize the importance of being together, dispel loneliness, and develop self-worth.
- Engaging with a peer group helps adolescents discover avenues for self-improvement and develop skills that enhance their potentials.
Pakikisama and Peer Group Norms
- Pakikisama is a norm among adolescent peer groups, where members are expected to express the desire to participate in experiences and share in collective decisions.
- Peer group norms are emergent properties of group interactions, internalized by peer group members, particularly newer members.
- Interactions within a peer group contribute to a group identity that factors into an "extended self-concept".
Dynamics of the Peer Group
- Participation in peer groups plays a critical role in adolescent development and experience.
- The significance of peer groups in human development is likely salient throughout the lifespan, with a greater influence on adolescents and their growth trajectories.
- The Belongingness Hypothesis posits that humans have a drive to form and maintain lasting, positive, and significant interpersonal relationships, leading to the formation and joining of peer groups.
- Peer group selection appears to be contingent on how esteemed one is by peers, guided by general peer approval.
Identity and Self-Concept
- Social Identity Theory posits that a strong sense of group identification helps one develop greater self-concept and self-esteem.
- Charles Cooley's Looking Glass Self hypothesis states that one's identity is borne from perceptions of how s/he is seen by other people.
- Peer group interactions contribute to the development of affirmative self-concept and identity.
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