History of the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

• The Gracchus brothers fought to bring reforms to the early Republic.
• Theodosius decided to divide the Roman empire upon his death.
• After the Battle of Adrianople, more Germanic tribes attacked Rome.
• The Justinian Code is a legal system that has been the basis of many countries' legal systems today.
• Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium.
• A forum is a marketplace and a public square that many Roman cities are built around.

Roman Architecture and Leadership

• The Colosseum was begun by Emperor Vespasian.
• A long era of Peace and Prosperity began with the reign of Augustus.

Roman History and Mythology

• According to legend, Rome was settled by Remus and Romulus.
• The Aeneid, written by Virgil, depicts the founding of Rome.
• Spartacus was a gladiator who led a slave rebellion.

Early Christianity

• In 494 B.C., the Roman Plebians went on strike to protest for equal rights, leading to the creation of the Twelve Tables, Rome's first code of laws.
• Nero blamed the Christians for a fire that burned down most of Rome and outlawed Christianity.
• Icons are paintings of Jesus, Mary (the mother of Jesus), and the saints, or Christian holy people.

Medieval Europe

• The Byzantine Empire reached the height of its power in the 500s.
• Constantinople was formally called Byzantium.
• The Huns warred with the Visigoths.
• The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between Carthage and Rome.

Church and State

• Friars were men in the new religious orders of the Franciscans and Dominicans who preached, served as missionaries, and aided the poor.
• The Great Schism was a dispute that deeply divided the Church and even led to three church leaders claiming to be the rightful pope.
• The Inquisition was a Church court that questioned and dealt with people accused of heresy.

Medieval Politics and Society

• Ivan III became king of the Russians and was called czar, which means “emperor.”
• Feudalism was the political and social order in which nobles governed and protected people in return for services.
• Charlemagne was crowned by the pope on Christmas day and declared him the new Roman emperor.
• The Battle of Hastings was fought between William, the Duke of Normandy, and Harold Godwinson.

Crusades and Islam

• Saladin was a brilliant general who led the Muslims in recapturing Jerusalem, which triggered the Third Crusade.
• The Reconquista was the struggle in which the Christians drove out the Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula.

Culture and Society

• Illuminations were manuscripts decorated with beautiful lettering and miniature religious paintings, created by monks.
• The Black Death was a plague that spread from Asia to Europe and was probably bubonic plague.
• Vernacular refers to the use of everyday languages, including early versions of English, Italian, Spanish, French, and German.
• Ghettos were separate neighborhoods where Jews were often forced to live.
• Chivalry was a system, spirit, or customs of a certain group, followed by Knights.

Roman Empire

• The Gracchus brothers fought to bring reforms to the early Republic.
• Theodosius decided to divide the Roman empire upon his death.
• After the Battle of Adrianople, more Germanic tribes attacked Rome.
• The Justinian Code is a legal system that has been the basis of many countries' legal systems today.
• Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium.
• A forum is a marketplace and a public square that many Roman cities are built around.

Roman Architecture and Leadership

• The Colosseum was begun by Emperor Vespasian.
• A long era of Peace and Prosperity began with the reign of Augustus.

Roman History and Mythology

• According to legend, Rome was settled by Remus and Romulus.
• The Aeneid, written by Virgil, depicts the founding of Rome.
• Spartacus was a gladiator who led a slave rebellion.

Early Christianity

• In 494 B.C., the Roman Plebians went on strike to protest for equal rights, leading to the creation of the Twelve Tables, Rome's first code of laws.
• Nero blamed the Christians for a fire that burned down most of Rome and outlawed Christianity.
• Icons are paintings of Jesus, Mary (the mother of Jesus), and the saints, or Christian holy people.

Medieval Europe

• The Byzantine Empire reached the height of its power in the 500s.
• Constantinople was formally called Byzantium.
• The Huns warred with the Visigoths.
• The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between Carthage and Rome.

Church and State

• Friars were men in the new religious orders of the Franciscans and Dominicans who preached, served as missionaries, and aided the poor.
• The Great Schism was a dispute that deeply divided the Church and even led to three church leaders claiming to be the rightful pope.
• The Inquisition was a Church court that questioned and dealt with people accused of heresy.

Medieval Politics and Society

• Ivan III became king of the Russians and was called czar, which means “emperor.”
• Feudalism was the political and social order in which nobles governed and protected people in return for services.
• Charlemagne was crowned by the pope on Christmas day and declared him the new Roman emperor.
• The Battle of Hastings was fought between William, the Duke of Normandy, and Harold Godwinson.

Crusades and Islam

• Saladin was a brilliant general who led the Muslims in recapturing Jerusalem, which triggered the Third Crusade.
• The Reconquista was the struggle in which the Christians drove out the Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula.

Culture and Society

• Illuminations were manuscripts decorated with beautiful lettering and miniature religious paintings, created by monks.
• The Black Death was a plague that spread from Asia to Europe and was probably bubonic plague.
• Vernacular refers to the use of everyday languages, including early versions of English, Italian, Spanish, French, and German.
• Ghettos were separate neighborhoods where Jews were often forced to live.
• Chivalry was a system, spirit, or customs of a certain group, followed by Knights.

Roman Empire

• The Gracchus brothers fought to bring reforms to the early Republic.
• Theodosius decided to divide the Roman empire upon his death.
• After the Battle of Adrianople, more Germanic tribes attacked Rome.
• The Justinian Code is a legal system that has been the basis of many countries' legal systems today.
• Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium.
• A forum is a marketplace and a public square that many Roman cities are built around.

Roman Architecture and Leadership

• The Colosseum was begun by Emperor Vespasian.
• A long era of Peace and Prosperity began with the reign of Augustus.

Roman History and Mythology

• According to legend, Rome was settled by Remus and Romulus.
• The Aeneid, written by Virgil, depicts the founding of Rome.
• Spartacus was a gladiator who led a slave rebellion.

Early Christianity

• In 494 B.C., the Roman Plebians went on strike to protest for equal rights, leading to the creation of the Twelve Tables, Rome's first code of laws.
• Nero blamed the Christians for a fire that burned down most of Rome and outlawed Christianity.
• Icons are paintings of Jesus, Mary (the mother of Jesus), and the saints, or Christian holy people.

Medieval Europe

• The Byzantine Empire reached the height of its power in the 500s.
• Constantinople was formally called Byzantium.
• The Huns warred with the Visigoths.
• The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between Carthage and Rome.

Church and State

• Friars were men in the new religious orders of the Franciscans and Dominicans who preached, served as missionaries, and aided the poor.
• The Great Schism was a dispute that deeply divided the Church and even led to three church leaders claiming to be the rightful pope.
• The Inquisition was a Church court that questioned and dealt with people accused of heresy.

Medieval Politics and Society

• Ivan III became king of the Russians and was called czar, which means “emperor.”
• Feudalism was the political and social order in which nobles governed and protected people in return for services.
• Charlemagne was crowned by the pope on Christmas day and declared him the new Roman emperor.
• The Battle of Hastings was fought between William, the Duke of Normandy, and Harold Godwinson.

Crusades and Islam

• Saladin was a brilliant general who led the Muslims in recapturing Jerusalem, which triggered the Third Crusade.
• The Reconquista was the struggle in which the Christians drove out the Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula.

Culture and Society

• Illuminations were manuscripts decorated with beautiful lettering and miniature religious paintings, created by monks.
• The Black Death was a plague that spread from Asia to Europe and was probably bubonic plague.
• Vernacular refers to the use of everyday languages, including early versions of English, Italian, Spanish, French, and German.
• Ghettos were separate neighborhoods where Jews were often forced to live.
• Chivalry was a system, spirit, or customs of a certain group, followed by Knights.

Roman Empire

• The Gracchus brothers fought to bring reforms to the early Republic.
• Theodosius decided to divide the Roman empire upon his death.
• After the Battle of Adrianople, more Germanic tribes attacked Rome.
• The Justinian Code is a legal system that has been the basis of many countries' legal systems today.
• Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium.
• A forum is a marketplace and a public square that many Roman cities are built around.

Roman Architecture and Leadership

• The Colosseum was begun by Emperor Vespasian.
• A long era of Peace and Prosperity began with the reign of Augustus.

Roman History and Mythology

• According to legend, Rome was settled by Remus and Romulus.
• The Aeneid, written by Virgil, depicts the founding of Rome.
• Spartacus was a gladiator who led a slave rebellion.

Early Christianity

• In 494 B.C., the Roman Plebians went on strike to protest for equal rights, leading to the creation of the Twelve Tables, Rome's first code of laws.
• Nero blamed the Christians for a fire that burned down most of Rome and outlawed Christianity.
• Icons are paintings of Jesus, Mary (the mother of Jesus), and the saints, or Christian holy people.

Medieval Europe

• The Byzantine Empire reached the height of its power in the 500s.
• Constantinople was formally called Byzantium.
• The Huns warred with the Visigoths.
• The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between Carthage and Rome.

Church and State

• Friars were men in the new religious orders of the Franciscans and Dominicans who preached, served as missionaries, and aided the poor.
• The Great Schism was a dispute that deeply divided the Church and even led to three church leaders claiming to be the rightful pope.
• The Inquisition was a Church court that questioned and dealt with people accused of heresy.

Medieval Politics and Society

• Ivan III became king of the Russians and was called czar, which means “emperor.”
• Feudalism was the political and social order in which nobles governed and protected people in return for services.
• Charlemagne was crowned by the pope on Christmas day and declared him the new Roman emperor.
• The Battle of Hastings was fought between William, the Duke of Normandy, and Harold Godwinson.

Crusades and Islam

• Saladin was a brilliant general who led the Muslims in recapturing Jerusalem, which triggered the Third Crusade.
• The Reconquista was the struggle in which the Christians drove out the Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula.

Culture and Society

• Illuminations were manuscripts decorated with beautiful lettering and miniature religious paintings, created by monks.
• The Black Death was a plague that spread from Asia to Europe and was probably bubonic plague.
• Vernacular refers to the use of everyday languages, including early versions of English, Italian, Spanish, French, and German.
• Ghettos were separate neighborhoods where Jews were often forced to live.
• Chivalry was a system, spirit, or customs of a certain group, followed by Knights.

Roman Empire

• The Gracchus brothers fought to bring reforms to the early Republic.
• Theodosius decided to divide the Roman empire upon his death.
• After the Battle of Adrianople, more Germanic tribes attacked Rome.
• The Justinian Code is a legal system that has been the basis of many countries' legal systems today.
• Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium.
• A forum is a marketplace and a public square that many Roman cities are built around.

Roman Architecture and Leadership

• The Colosseum was begun by Emperor Vespasian.
• A long era of Peace and Prosperity began with the reign of Augustus.

Roman History and Mythology

• According to legend, Rome was settled by Remus and Romulus.
• The Aeneid, written by Virgil, depicts the founding of Rome.
• Spartacus was a gladiator who led a slave rebellion.

Early Christianity

• In 494 B.C., the Roman Plebians went on strike to protest for equal rights, leading to the creation of the Twelve Tables, Rome's first code of laws.
• Nero blamed the Christians for a fire that burned down most of Rome and outlawed Christianity.
• Icons are paintings of Jesus, Mary (the mother of Jesus), and the saints, or Christian holy people.

Medieval Europe

• The Byzantine Empire reached the height of its power in the 500s.
• Constantinople was formally called Byzantium.
• The Huns warred with the Visigoths.
• The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between Carthage and Rome.

Church and State

• Friars were men in the new religious orders of the Franciscans and Dominicans who preached, served as missionaries, and aided the poor.
• The Great Schism was a dispute that deeply divided the Church and even led to three church leaders claiming to be the rightful pope.
• The Inquisition was a Church court that questioned and dealt with people accused of heresy.

Medieval Politics and Society

• Ivan III became king of the Russians and was called czar, which means “emperor.”
• Feudalism was the political and social order in which nobles governed and protected people in return for services.
• Charlemagne was crowned by the pope on Christmas day and declared him the new Roman emperor.
• The Battle of Hastings was fought between William, the Duke of Normandy, and Harold Godwinson.

Crusades and Islam

• Saladin was a brilliant general who led the Muslims in recapturing Jerusalem, which triggered the Third Crusade.
• The Reconquista was the struggle in which the Christians drove out the Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula.

Culture and Society

• Illuminations were manuscripts decorated with beautiful lettering and miniature religious paintings, created by monks.
• The Black Death was a plague that spread from Asia to Europe and was probably bubonic plague.
• Vernacular refers to the use of everyday languages, including early versions of English, Italian, Spanish, French, and German.
• Ghettos were separate neighborhoods where Jews were often forced to live.
• Chivalry was a system, spirit, or customs of a certain group, followed by Knights.

Roman Empire

• The Gracchus brothers fought to bring reforms to the early Republic.
• Theodosius decided to divide the Roman empire upon his death.
• After the Battle of Adrianople, more Germanic tribes attacked Rome.
• The Justinian Code is a legal system that has been the basis of many countries' legal systems today.
• Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in the Battle of Actium.
• A forum is a marketplace and a public square that many Roman cities are built around.

Roman Architecture and Leadership

• The Colosseum was begun by Emperor Vespasian.
• A long era of Peace and Prosperity began with the reign of Augustus.

Roman History and Mythology

• According to legend, Rome was settled by Remus and Romulus.
• The Aeneid, written by Virgil, depicts the founding of Rome.
• Spartacus was a gladiator who led a slave rebellion.

Early Christianity

• In 494 B.C., the Roman Plebians went on strike to protest for equal rights, leading to the creation of the Twelve Tables, Rome's first code of laws.
• Nero blamed the Christians for a fire that burned down most of Rome and outlawed Christianity.
• Icons are paintings of Jesus, Mary (the mother of Jesus), and the saints, or Christian holy people.

Medieval Europe

• The Byzantine Empire reached the height of its power in the 500s.
• Constantinople was formally called Byzantium.
• The Huns warred with the Visigoths.
• The Punic Wars were a series of wars fought between Carthage and Rome.

Church and State

• Friars were men in the new religious orders of the Franciscans and Dominicans who preached, served as missionaries, and aided the poor.
• The Great Schism was a dispute that deeply divided the Church and even led to three church leaders claiming to be the rightful pope.
• The Inquisition was a Church court that questioned and dealt with people accused of heresy.

Medieval Politics and Society

• Ivan III became king of the Russians and was called czar, which means “emperor.”
• Feudalism was the political and social order in which nobles governed and protected people in return for services.
• Charlemagne was crowned by the pope on Christmas day and declared him the new Roman emperor.
• The Battle of Hastings was fought between William, the Duke of Normandy, and Harold Godwinson.

Crusades and Islam

• Saladin was a brilliant general who led the Muslims in recapturing Jerusalem, which triggered the Third Crusade.
• The Reconquista was the struggle in which the Christians drove out the Muslims of the Iberian Peninsula.

Culture and Society

• Illuminations were manuscripts decorated with beautiful lettering and miniature religious paintings, created by monks.
• The Black Death was a plague that spread from Asia to Europe and was probably bubonic plague.
• Vernacular refers to the use of everyday languages, including early versions of English, Italian, Spanish, French, and German.
• Ghettos were separate neighborhoods where Jews were often forced to live.
• Chivalry was a system, spirit, or customs of a certain group, followed by Knights.