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Questions and Answers

What occurs when a disturbance is created in a medium?

  • Intermolecular forces break
  • Molecules become disconnected
  • Waves propagate through the medium (correct)
  • Waves propagate through a vacuum

    • What is a characteristic of mechanical waves?

  • They require a physical medium (correct)
  • They are classified as electromagnetic waves
  • They do not require a medium
  • They have a constant velocity

    • What type of wave propagates through a vacuum?

  • Electromagnetic wave (correct)
  • Mechanical wave
  • Longitudinal wave
  • Transverse wave

    • What is the direction of particle displacement in a longitudinal wave?

    <p>Parallel to the wave's direction of energy movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?

    <p>Approximately 299,792.456.2 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship exists between parameters in acoustics?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of seismic waves?

    <p>They are a type of mechanical wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of particle displacement in a transverse wave?

    <p>Perpendicular to the wave's direction of propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What spurred the advancement of SONAR technology?

    <p>World War I's naval warfare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who identified the piezoelectric effect, foundational for later ultrasound technology?

    <p>The Curie brothers, Pierre and Jacques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the major milestone in medical imaging in the late 1940s?

    <p>The start of diagnostic uses for ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of institutions worldwide developing pulsed ultrasound technology?

    <p>The development of 'B Mode' imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Spallanzani explore sound beyond the audible spectrum?

    <p>1794</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the clinical adoption of ultrasound commence in 1956?

    <p>Glasgow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sound?

    <p>An energy form generated through vibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of Langevin's utilization of piezoelectric principles?

    <p>The creation of an early ultrasound device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between sound waves and electromagnetic waves?

    <p>Sound waves require a medium, while electromagnetic waves do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the medical industry start experimenting with ultrasound for medical purposes?

    <p>1930s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the compressions of a sound wave?

    <p>The pressure or density of the molecules increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the expansion of ultrasound technology with the advent of three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) imaging?

    <p>The expansion of diagnostic uses for ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of mechanical waves?

    <p>They transfer energy from one location to another without physical contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of wave is a sound wave?

    <p>Longitudinal wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a vibration occurring in a medium?

    <p>The particles within the medium are disrupted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Steven Kapral and his team in the context of ultrasound?

    <p>They pioneered the use of B-mode ultrasound for brachial plexus blockade procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of frequency in sound waves?

    <p>The number of complete cycles of pressure variation in one second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one cycle of a sound wave?

    <p>A full variation in pressure or another acoustic variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of frequency that is equivalent to 1,000 Hz?

    <p>Kilohertz (kHz)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength in sound waves?

    <p>They are inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main parameters of sound waves mentioned in the text?

    <p>Frequency, Power, Intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of frequency that is equivalent to 1,000,000 Hz?

    <p>Megahertz (MHz)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ultrasound Technology Evolution

    • World War I's naval warfare spurred the advancement of SONAR technology, which later contributed to the development of ultrasound technology.
    • In 1794, Spallanzani explored sound beyond the audible spectrum, leading to the discovery of sound waves.
    • In 1880, the Curie brothers identified the piezoelectric effect, laying the foundation for later ultrasound technology.
    • In the 1940s, diagnostic uses for ultrasound started to emerge, marking a new era in medical imaging.
    • Institutions worldwide developed pulsed ultrasound technology, leading to 'B Mode' imaging in the 1950s.
    • Real-time B-scan ultrasound was developed and introduced in obstetric imaging in the 1980s.
    • Three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound technology emerged in the 1990s.

    Sound Waves

    • Sound is an energy form generated through vibration, transmitting energy from one location to another.
    • Sound waves display as mechanical or longitudinal waves, requiring a medium (solid, liquid, or gas).
    • Sound waves cannot propagate through a vacuum.
    • Sound waves are characterized by alternating compressions (increased pressure or density) and rarefactions (decreased density).

    Wave Formation

    • A vibration disrupts particles within a medium, creating waves that propagate through the medium.
    • Mechanical waves, including sound waves, require a physical medium.

    Classification of Waves

    • Mechanical waves: defined by the disturbance of a physical medium, examples include ocean waves, sound waves, and seismic waves.
    • Electromagnetic waves (transverse wave): propagate through a vacuum, examples include radio waves, X-rays, and light.

    Longitudinal vs. Transverse Waves

    • Longitudinal waves: particle displacement occurs parallel to the wave's direction of energy movement, examples include sound waves.
    • Transverse waves: particle displacement occurs perpendicular to the wave's direction of propagation, examples include light.

    Understanding Parameters in Acoustics

    • Parameters can exhibit direct or inverse proportional relationships.
    • Key parameters of sound waves include frequency, period, wavelength, propagation speed, amplitude, power, and intensity.

    Sound Wave Parameters: Frequency

    • Frequency measures the occurrence rate of an event, referring to the number of complete cycles of pressure variation in one second.
    • A cycle includes both compression (increased density) and rarefaction (decreased density).
    • Units of frequency: measured in hertz (Hz), kilohertz (kHz), and megahertz (MHz).

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