Untitled Quiz

Ultrasound Technology Evolution

• World War I's naval warfare spurred the advancement of SONAR technology, which later contributed to the development of ultrasound technology.
• In 1794, Spallanzani explored sound beyond the audible spectrum, leading to the discovery of sound waves.
• In 1880, the Curie brothers identified the piezoelectric effect, laying the foundation for later ultrasound technology.
• In the 1940s, diagnostic uses for ultrasound started to emerge, marking a new era in medical imaging.
• Institutions worldwide developed pulsed ultrasound technology, leading to 'B Mode' imaging in the 1950s.
• Real-time B-scan ultrasound was developed and introduced in obstetric imaging in the 1980s.
• Three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound technology emerged in the 1990s.

Sound Waves

• Sound is an energy form generated through vibration, transmitting energy from one location to another.
• Sound waves display as mechanical or longitudinal waves, requiring a medium (solid, liquid, or gas).
• Sound waves cannot propagate through a vacuum.
• Sound waves are characterized by alternating compressions (increased pressure or density) and rarefactions (decreased density).

Wave Formation

• A vibration disrupts particles within a medium, creating waves that propagate through the medium.
• Mechanical waves, including sound waves, require a physical medium.

Classification of Waves

• Mechanical waves: defined by the disturbance of a physical medium, examples include ocean waves, sound waves, and seismic waves.
• Electromagnetic waves (transverse wave): propagate through a vacuum, examples include radio waves, X-rays, and light.

Longitudinal vs. Transverse Waves

• Longitudinal waves: particle displacement occurs parallel to the wave's direction of energy movement, examples include sound waves.
• Transverse waves: particle displacement occurs perpendicular to the wave's direction of propagation, examples include light.

Understanding Parameters in Acoustics

• Parameters can exhibit direct or inverse proportional relationships.
• Key parameters of sound waves include frequency, period, wavelength, propagation speed, amplitude, power, and intensity.

Sound Wave Parameters: Frequency

• Frequency measures the occurrence rate of an event, referring to the number of complete cycles of pressure variation in one second.
• A cycle includes both compression (increased density) and rarefaction (decreased density).
• Units of frequency: measured in hertz (Hz), kilohertz (kHz), and megahertz (MHz).