Conduct disorder
45 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is characterized by socially acceptable behaviours.

False

Conduct disorders (CDs) often involve behaviours that intrude on others.

True

ODD and CDs are characterized by prosocial behaviours.

False

Individuals with conduct disorders typically adhere to socially acceptable norms.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Both ODD and CDs fall under the category of antisocial behaviours.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intrusion is a common characteristic of oppositional defiant disorder.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conduct disorders are typically associated with conformity to societal norms.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parent training programmes use behavioural principles to treat ODD/CD.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In parent training programmes, parents are taught to unintentionally reinforce antisocial behaviour by ignoring it completely.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anger management programmes help young people by teaching them how to appraise the intentions of other people.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The use of atypical antipsychotics is highly effective for all cases of reactive aggression in children with emotional regulation disorders.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In interventions in schools, teachers deliver preventive programmes focusing on promoting social and emotional learning to all children.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Remedial teaching is recommended if a child with ODD/CD has associated reading difficulties.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The evidence base for the effectiveness of school-based interventions and the use of teaching assistants in classrooms is strong.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parenting quality and neighbourhood environment are significant predictors of antisocial behaviour.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children from inner-city areas with high disorganization and residential mobility are more likely to attend schools with high delinquency rates.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Corporal punishment has no significant effect on the likelihood of developing conduct problems.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prognosis for individuals whose first presentation of conduct disorder occurs in adolescence is generally worse than for those who present earlier.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children exposed to domestic violence are less likely to become aggressive.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Harsh, inconsistent discipline and low warmth in parenting are associated with ODD/CD.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is strong evidence that any treatment significantly affects the long-term prognosis of conduct disorder.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary feature of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) is persistent abnormal conduct that is more serious than ordinary childhood mischief.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fire-setting is a common behavior associated with Conduct Disorder (CD) in older children and adolescents.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ICD-10, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is considered a subtype of Conduct Disorder (CD).

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In younger children, persistent stealing is a significant concern and indicates Conduct Disorder (CD).

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disobedience, tantrums, and physical aggression towards siblings or adults are common manifestations of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) during the preschool period.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is a clear dividing line that separates Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) from ordinary bad behavior.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conduct Disorder (CD) in later childhood manifests both within the home and outside, often involving truanting, delinquency, and reckless behavior.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The prevalence of combined CD/ODD in children and adolescents is estimated between 3-5%.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

ODD is more common in boys than girls.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A variant of the monoamine oxidase (MAOA) gene predisposes to CD only when combined with positive environmental factors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with low IQ are likely to have higher self-esteem and a positive perception of school.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abnormalities in the paralimbic system, involved in motivation and affect, can contribute to the development of CD.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conduct disorders have a strong genetic component, independent of environmental influences.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and parent management training (PMT) are commonly used treatments for conduct disorder.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Onset of conduct disorder before age 8 years is considered a predictor of poor outcome.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

High IQ is a factor predicting poor outcome in children with conduct disorder.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Severe, frequent, and varied antisocial behaviors are indicative of poor outcomes in children with conduct disorder.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parental criminality and alcoholism are unrelated to the outcomes of children with conduct disorder.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A supportive and nurturing family environment predicts worse outcomes in children with conduct disorder.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conduct disorder outcomes are not influenced by the socioeconomic status of the family.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Living in an economically deprived area is a predictor of poor outcomes in children with conduct disorder.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective schooling is linked to poor outcomes in children with conduct disorder.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective family management and high income can mitigate risks associated with poor outcomes in children with conduct disorder.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hyperactivity and attention problems do not predict poor outcomes in children with conduct disorder.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oppositional and Conduct Disorders

Overview

  • Characterized by antisocial behaviors outside of socially acceptable norms
  • Often overlap with symptoms and criteria of other disorders
  • Prevalence of combined CD/ODD is estimated between 5-10% in children and adolescents

Prevalence

  • ODD is more common in younger children, while CD is more common among adolescents
  • Prevalence is estimated to be between 5-8% in general population studies
  • ODD is twice as common in boys than girls, while CD is 3-7 times more common in boys
  • Socioeconomic factors contribute significantly to prevalence, with individuals in the lowest socioeconomic strata showing 5 times greater prevalence
  • Children with a history of maltreatment, residential care, or intellectual disabilities have a higher prevalence of these disorders
  • Prevalence has been increasing over the past few decades

Aetiology

  • Many factors influence the development of CD and ODD, with a cumulative effect
  • Individual-level influences include:
    • Genetic factors: strong genetic contribution, heritable trait of liability for externalizing disorders
    • Temperament: early temperament predicts later conduct problems, especially traits like negative emotionality and poor emotional regulation
    • Brain functioning: abnormalities in the paralimbic system, including limbic structures and prefrontal cortices
    • Language, IQ, and educational attainment: low IQ and low school achievement are major predictors of ODD/CD and delinquency
  • Family-level influences include:
    • Interplay between familial environment and individual temperament
    • Relationship between individual and family-level influences is complex and close

Treatment

  • Early intervention is key to preventing more serious consequences
  • Treatment options include:
    • Psychotherapy: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and parent management training (PMT)
    • Family therapy: to improve family communication and function
    • Medication: to address specific symptoms, such as aggression or anxiety
    • Social skills training: to enhance social interaction skills and reduce conflicts
    • Environmental interventions: to address challenging environmental factors

Clinical Features

  • Fundamental feature of ODD and CD is persistent abnormal conduct that is more serious than ordinary childhood mischief
  • Behaviors center around defiance, aggression, and antisocial behavior
  • Negative impacts on family, peers, schools, and society can be significant

Classification

  • Both ICD-10 and DSM-5 classify ODD/CD as characterized by repetitive antisocial behavior
  • ICD-10 considers ODD as a subtype of CD, while DSM-5 considers ODD as a separate entity

Parent Training Programmes

  • Mainstay of treatment of ODD/CD, using behavioral principles
  • Parents are taught how to reinforce normal behavior and how to set limits on abnormal behavior

Anger Management

  • Young people who are habitually aggressive have been shown to misperceive hostile intentions in others
  • Anger management programmes seek to correct these ideas and teach how to inhibit sudden inappropriate responses to angry feelings

Conduct Disorder: Family-Level Influences, Child-Rearing Practices, and Prognosis

  • Family-level influences include:
    • Parenting quality and gender are significant predictors of antisocial behavior
    • Children from unstable, insecure, and rejecting families living in deprived areas are more likely to exhibit antisocial behavior
  • Child-rearing practices and attachment:
    • Less than optimal parenting characterized by harsh, inconsistent discipline, low warmth, and involvement
    • Insecure attachment, especially of the disorganized type, is strongly associated with antisocial behavior
  • Prognosis:
    • Long-term outcome of CD varies greatly
    • Almost 50% of people with CD in adolescence exhibited some form of antisocial behavior in adulthood
    • Factors that predict poor outcome in children with conduct disorder include:
      • Early onset (before age 8 years)
      • Severe, frequent, and varied antisocial behaviors
      • Hyperactivity and attention problems
      • Low IQ
      • Pervasiveness (at home, in school, and elsewhere)
      • Parental criminality and alcoholism
      • High hostility/discord focused on the child
      • Harsh inconsistent parenting
      • Low income
      • Economically deprived area
      • Ineffective schools

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser