distance exame
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Questions and Answers

Describe what you see

respiration = Steady, fast, slow, panting Body condition = Overweight, bony coat condition = matted, dirty, brushed, short hair gait = favouring one side, holding one paw above ground

What do you see?

vocalizing = What it sounds like Body = weight evenly distributed body posture = sitting, lying down, standing eyes = white showing, open, shut

Match the following words?

NAD = No abnormalities detected NSF = No significant findings BAR = Bright, Alert, Responsive QAR = Quiet, Alert, Responsive

Match the following words?

<p>BCS = body condition score DUDE = drinking urinating defecating eating QAR = Quiet, Alert, Responsive BAR = Bright, Alert, Responsive</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a distance exam what is ideal?

<p>During a distance exam ideally you want the animal to be unaware of you</p> Signup and view all the answers

what should you ensure before starting the distance exam?

<p>safety of yourself and the animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

make sure all doors and windows are closed as well as all other animals are away before doing a distance exam.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

what are physiological responses that you can see from a distance ?

<p>Obvious wounds = can you see the blood, gashes, or discharge Eyes = BAR Respiration = animal in position to see it? was it steady? Body Condition = Does coat look good? shiny / patchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the animals behaviour signs?

<p>vocalization = making a noise or no noise tail = tucked in, tail alert Demeanour = Doing species typical behaviour. mouth = salvating, panting, closed, lip licking</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the word we do not use to describe the animal?

<p>Fine or Ok</p> Signup and view all the answers

Person sits with one arm in________ , other hand/arm over animal for safety.

<p>cradle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you need to know first before you you can use terms like BAR?

<p>what is normal for animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

You can make assumptions and describe what you see about the animal

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following health check methods with their purpose:

<p>Dental assessment = Checking for signs of dental disease or oral abnormalities Blood screening = Detecting nutritional deficiencies and infection status Parasite testing = Identifying intestinal parasites or ectoparasites Internal investigation using imaging techniques = Diagnosing underlying medical conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to perform a preliminary exam?

<p>Whenever you need to assess the health of an animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it involve in a distance exam?

<p>Observation of the animal within its environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cursory Physical Examination?

<p>Nose to Tail or Nose to Toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distance Examination the following information will be needed : do you know how the species will likely react, what_________ they have and how to keep them & yourself _______from injury? May you need help?

<p>weapons ,safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distance Examination The Demeanor ?

<p>How is the animal interacting with its environment?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following words

<p>Posture = head, tail, ears, body Gait = lameness* Body condition, = coat/skin condition Wounds/Discharges = (eyes, nose, ears)– if you can see</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is important when doing the physical exam?

<p>symmetry?</p> Signup and view all the answers

Physical Examination

<p>Facial symmetry (droopy lips, crocked beak, swellings…?) = (droopy lips, crocked beak, swellings…?) Nose &amp; nostrils = (discharges, odd sounds…?) Eyes clear and open = swelling, redness, discharge, squinting Ears open and clean = (smells, swellings, pus, redness, pain…?)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the largest organ of the body!

<p>skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

match the breathing rate the the right animal

<p>cat = 20 - 30 dog = 10 - 30 rabbit = 30 - 60 cattle = 26 - 50</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two ways to check for Hydration status

<p>Gums should be moist, Skin pinch test</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an animal is in your care daily health checks are imperative.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A health check can be Nose to Tail or Nose to Toes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Know your normals and assess for symmetry!

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

General animal handling principles

<p>Always use the least amount of force necessary to achieve your aim</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first rule of animal handling is

<p>Always close the exits (doors, windows, gates) before opening a cage or pen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Handling, restraining or chasing animals during hot weather can cause hyperthermia (increased body temperature)

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Be aware that using sedatives, tranquilisers or anaesthetics can also interfere with the animal's ability to thermoregulate

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

When must two people carry a large dog

<p>when a dog is over the weight of 20kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

A calm animal is not easier to handle

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

when attaching a muzzle ?

<p>Always approach from the side and attach the muzzle from behind</p> Signup and view all the answers

less is more when restraining cats

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

cats struggle more when more pressure are applied

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must you do when you meet the cat for the first time?

<p>introduce yourself</p> Signup and view all the answers

Removing a cat from a carrier

<p>Try to encourage the cat to come out on its own</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lift them in to transport carriers tail-first (if possible)

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Avoid scruffing cats whenever possible.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

YOu can carry mice with their tails

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Otherwise, can be picked up by the base of the tail and support the body

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

You can pick up a rabbit by its ears

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must always be done for rabbits?

<p>ALWAYS support the hind quarters when picking up and holding a rabbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name four ways to carry a GP

<p>Placing one hand under or around their chest area. Lifting and supporting their hind legs with your other hand. Holding them close to your body for security. Placing in the crook</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must not be done when you hold a bird

<p>constrict the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

When constricting the sternum of bird what happens

<p>This will interfere with their breathing, and can be fatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

what is a useful tool when managing birds

<p>towel</p> Signup and view all the answers

When working with parrots you must restrain the _______

<p>beak</p> Signup and view all the answers

Always support which part of the Rabbit

<p>hindquarters</p> Signup and view all the answers

An animal can __________ when it is _______ or in ________

<p>attack, scared pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Be careful of applying to much force to small animals, you can injure them

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key observation to make during a distance examination for animal health assessment?

<p>Observing the animal's typical behavior patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is measuring the animal's respiratory rate important during a distance examination?

<p>To gain insight into the animal's respiratory function</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a distance examination aim to achieve in terms of an animal's health assessment?

<p>Gathering information about overall health without physical contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is observing the animal's demeanor important during a distance examination?

<p>To understand the animal's behavior state or mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does alertness and responsiveness play in a general observational examination of animals?

<p>Providing insights into an animal's health and interaction patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a distance examination, what does paying attention to the animal's posture help with?

<p>Observing how the animal positions itself during activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of distance examination techniques mentioned in the text?

<p>Allowing invasive procedures for thorough examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of distance examination techniques?

<p>Minimizing stress and anxiety for animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about distance examination techniques is NOT true?

<p>They provide a definitive diagnosis for all underlying conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential advantage of distance examination techniques for veterinary practices?

<p>Reduced costs and improved efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of distant examination techniques?

<p>Providing a definitive diagnosis for all conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best summarizes the importance of distance examination techniques?

<p>They play a vital role in assessing animal health and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

how would you health check mice and rats?

<p>with one hand have a support hold, around the upper limbs and other hand around bottom hind limbs. Another handler performs health check</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to do a distance exam?

<p>Want to assess the animal at the base rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a distance exam important?

<p>Before Human as stressor change the behaviour or physiological responses of the animal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What in the environment can you identify in the distance as a concern?

<p>Food, feces, vomit, mould on food, too many animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

The aim with preliminary exams is to identify when veterinary help or medical treatment may be required and to describe the problems you see and to diagnose diseases.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological responses can you look for in an animal to indicate their health?

<p>Coat, Walking, Vocalization, breathing,</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are physiological responses of an animal?

<p>Respiration, Obvious wounds, Body condition, Coat condition, Gait</p> Signup and view all the answers

What count as behaviour signs for an animal?

<p>Demeanor. tail, eyes, vocalization, mouth, location, ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you give a health check for a rat/mice after the distance exam?

<p>with one hand in a supportive hold ( One hand around upper limbs and the other hand around bottom hind quarters) 2nd assistant will do the examination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

To roll an animal only one hand or a towel is needed

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How would you check eyes?

<p>pull eyelid up and down gently - do both eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

When inspecting the eyes what are you looking for?

<p>look for whites above eye, red below, foreign bodies, discharge, dirt</p> Signup and view all the answers

When looking at teeth ?

<p>Are black, white, yellow, broken, bleading, smelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

When looking at mucous membranes what will the words be that you will use?

<p>grey, pink, white, are they tacky / feel tacky</p> Signup and view all the answers

where can you test for CRT?

<p>On mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you test hydration status?

<p>The pinch test / back of neck, grasp a handful of skin and release</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is preferred to move along the body in one go, because it is the fastest

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

When feeling over the skin for lumps and bumps the dogs will react if something is wrong .....

<p>skin wrinkling will happen</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you get to tail and anus what should be done?

<p>run hand over tail and look at anus for discharge, faeces, wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of acclimating animals to the environment where they will be handled for examinations?

<p>To reduce stress levels and improve comfort during the examination process</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is choosing the appropriate equipment important for animal examinations based on biological safety level (BSL) requirements?

<p>To match the equipment design with the type of research being conducted</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for maintaining proper documentation of materials used during animal examinations?

<p>To allow future reference and facilitate record-keeping</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for handling wild, jumpy, or aggressive rats?

<p>Tunnel handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of cupping as a rat handling method?

<p>Reduces anxiety levels in rats</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when choosing a rat restraint technique?

<p>Minimizing stress to the rat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as influencing the choice of rat restraint method?

<p>The handler's physical strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a specialized tube in the tunnel handling method?

<p>To guide the rat into the tube for lifting out of the cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can rats be restrained?

<p>Thumb and ring finger around the armpits Index and middle finger around the jaw Support the hind quarters with the other hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can mouse be held?

<p>By the tail, on a surface, By the scruff , Both the tail and scruff</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mice can be picked up by the base of the tail Between the base and the middle only

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Its a good idea to carry a angry cat in a cage

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drape the towel over the cat while it is in the cage and scoop it up

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Scuffing a cat is a great idea

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

How to carry a calm cat?

<p>One hand under the chest with two fingers between the forelegs Hold the cat against your body with your arm. The other hand is free to pat or restrain if needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Choose the correct size muzzle and adjust the strap size while putting it on the dog

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

After you have placed a muzzle it is important to NOT?

<p>leave a dog unsupervised</p> Signup and view all the answers

DO NOT muzzle a dog when?

<p>long periods in hot weather, or if the dog is vomiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When meeting a new dog what must you do?

<p>Extend hand under chin (NOT OVER THEIR HEAD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When will you change your handling method

<p>Age,Size, State of health or injury, Nature or disposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Allocate the correct match

<p>Strong voice = deeper, firmer voice for instructions Quiet voice = higher pitched soothing voice to calm them Harsher voice = deeper, louder voice for corrections and commands voice = not what you say, how you say</p> Signup and view all the answers

NEVER convey the following emotions to animals

<p>fear, anger, nervousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you are planning for the animal .....

<p>Adapt your behavior to the species and their current state</p> Signup and view all the answers

Math the freedoms with the domains

<p>Freedom from Discomfort. = Physical Environment Freedom from Pain, Injury or Disease. = Health Freedom to Express Normal Behaviour. = Behavioural Interactions Freedom from Hunger and Thirst. = Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

which are NOT a five freedom ?

<p>Freedom from overcrowdedness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Handling Animals for Examination

  • Wear gloves to protect against direct contact with animal fluids, which can harbor pathogens
  • Ensure gloves are clean and free from residual chemicals that could harm animals or compromise test results
  • Sanitize equipment before use by cleaning them in accordance with manufacturer's instructions or institutional guidelines
  • Quarantine animals in a separate room prior to handling for examinations
  • Acclimate animals to the environment where they will be handled for examinations to reduce stress levels
  • Choose equipment based on biological safety level (BSL) requirements
  • Maintain proper documentation of materials used, including frequency and dates of transfer or disposal

Bird Examination

  • History taking is crucial for understanding the bird's condition, including signalment, environment, and behavior
  • Samples from birds may be collected for laboratory analysis, such as fresh droppings for mycology laboratory analysis
  • Keep parrots in a clean and hygienic environment to minimize the risk of fungal infections
  • Fungal contamination rates in birds can be high, but most fungi do not cause clinical manifestations
  • Antifungal treatments can be challenging due to variable pharmacokinetics, side effects, and resistance to antifungal agents

Rat Restraint Techniques

  • Traditional baseball hold is a common method for restraining rats, but care must be taken to avoid squeezing the thorax too tightly
  • Three-finger scruff hold is an alternative technique that reduces pressure on the throat area, reducing discomfort and stress to the rat
  • Tunnel handling involves guiding a rat into a specifically designed tube, reducing anxiety levels and stress responses
  • Cupping is a non-aversive handling method where the rat is picked up and out of the cage using cupped hands

Exotic Pets

  • Exotic pets require specialized care and health checks specific to their unique needs
  • Owners must consult experienced vets who understand the healthcare requirements of these species

Wildlife Health Checks

  • Wildlife health checks play a significant role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases
  • Monitoring and managing the health of wild animals can help protect human populations from zoonotic diseases and conserve ecosystems

Zoo Animals

  • Regular health checks for zoo animals ensure that they are not developing any diseases or conditions due to their confinement in captivity
  • Health checks involve physical examination, behavioral observation, and monitoring of animal husbandry practices

Health Check Methods and Techniques

  • Regular health checks involve various methods depending on the type of animal and its living environment
  • Techniques include external examination of the body condition score, dental assessment, palpable examination of organs and joints, internal investigation using imaging techniques or laboratory tests, and parasite testing
  • Remote sensing tools can monitor animal health without direct physical contact, tracking vital signs such as respiration rate, temperature, and activity levels

Benefits of Regular Health Checks

  • Early detection and prompt treatment of health concerns
  • Improved animal welfare and quality of life
  • Reduced incidence of zoonotic diseases spreading to humans and other animals
  • Better understanding of animal behavior and physiological needs
  • Enhanced public health protection against emerging infectious threats

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