Unraveling the Patterns

To get married, to escape persecution or a natural disaster, to find work, or to better one's education.

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

The seasonal or long-term movement of humans from one area of the Earth to another.

According to 2013 U.N. data, immigration from abroad is significant in Russia.

David has a Masters in Education and a Bachelors in Physics.

Russia's aging population, high mortality rates, and higher wages compared to most countries in the world.

Abundant oil reserves, fertile land, booming construction industry, and higher incomes compared to other parts of Central Asia.

Corruption and lack of resources in Kyrgyzstan, drought and famine in Turkmenistan and Tajikistan, oppressive regime in Uzbekistan, lower pay rates, and high unemployment.

Higher standard of living, cultural ties, large Russian populations, and Russian-speaking populations.

Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Russia's aging population and high mortality rates have kept the demand for labor high, and immigrants have been flocking to the country ever since the fall of the Soviet Union.

Internal migration in Russia is now happening from rural areas to cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg, and from the center to the south and west, which was previously limited by strict government policies.

Kazakhstan actively encourages legal immigration because workers are in high demand, and the government recognizes the need for them.

Kazakhstan is an attractive destination for workers from other Central Asian countries due to its relatively open-door policy, abundant oil reserves, fertile land, booming construction industry, and higher average incomes compared to other countries in Central Asia.

The primary trend of internal migration in Kazakhstan is from rural to urban areas, as more and more people give up their nomadic herding lifestyles and move to cities.