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Questions and Answers
Which pathways are proposed to contribute to dyspeptic symptoms in FD?
Which pathways are proposed to contribute to dyspeptic symptoms in FD?
- Central signalling only
- Intestinal immune dysfunction and the microbiome only
- Inflammatory mediators and cytokines released by activated intestinal eosinophils and mast cells only
- All of the above (correct)
What can alter peripheral gastrointestinal function in FD?
What can alter peripheral gastrointestinal function in FD?
- Acute infections and food antigens
- The gastrointestinal immune system and the microbiome
- Bile acid metabolism and corticotropin-releasing hormone
- All of the above (correct)
What might lead to dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier in FD?
What might lead to dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier in FD?
- Low-grade inflammatory response
- Recognition of antigens by immune cells
- Alterations in steady state (correct)
- All of the above
How can intestinal immune dysfunction and the microbiome modulate CNS function in FD?
How can intestinal immune dysfunction and the microbiome modulate CNS function in FD?
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What are potential environmental factors that can impact gastrointestinal function in FD?
What are potential environmental factors that can impact gastrointestinal function in FD?
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What is the role of central signaling in the pathophysiology of FD?
What is the role of central signaling in the pathophysiology of FD?
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How can alterations in the steady state of the gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiome impact FD?
How can alterations in the steady state of the gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiome impact FD?
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What can lead to a low-grade inflammatory response in FD?
What can lead to a low-grade inflammatory response in FD?
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Which cells release inflammatory mediators and cytokines in FD?
Which cells release inflammatory mediators and cytokines in FD?
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How can intestinal immune dysfunction and the microbiome impact CNS function in FD?
How can intestinal immune dysfunction and the microbiome impact CNS function in FD?
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