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Unraveling the Intricacies of Functional Dyspepsia

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Unraveling the Intricacies of Functional Dyspepsia

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Questions and Answers

Which pathways are proposed to contribute to dyspeptic symptoms in FD?

Central signalling only

Intestinal immune dysfunction and the microbiome only

Inflammatory mediators and cytokines released by activated intestinal eosinophils and mast cells only

All of the above (correct)

What can alter peripheral gastrointestinal function in FD?

Acute infections and food antigens

The gastrointestinal immune system and the microbiome

Bile acid metabolism and corticotropin-releasing hormone

All of the above (correct)

What might lead to dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier in FD?

Low-grade inflammatory response

Recognition of antigens by immune cells

Alterations in steady state (correct)

All of the above

How can intestinal immune dysfunction and the microbiome modulate CNS function in FD?

By releasing inflammatory mediators and cytokines (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are potential environmental factors that can impact gastrointestinal function in FD?

Acid and capsaicin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of central signaling in the pathophysiology of FD?

It can alter peripheral gastrointestinal function (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can alterations in the steady state of the gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiome impact FD?

They can increase mucosal permeability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to a low-grade inflammatory response in FD?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells release inflammatory mediators and cytokines in FD?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can intestinal immune dysfunction and the microbiome impact CNS function in FD?

They can modulate CNS function (B) Signup and view all the answers