Unraveling Homologous Chromosomes

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Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is true?

Homologous chromosomes are always of paternal origin.

Homologous chromosomes are genetically identical to each other.

Homologous chromosomes physically connect at crossing points called chiasma. (correct)

Homologous chromosomes code for different types of genes.

During which phase of meiosis I does synapsis occur?

Telophase I

Anaphase I

Metaphase I

Prophase I (correct)

What is the result of crossing over during synapsis?

Creation of sister chromatids

Genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes (correct)

Duplication of genetic material

Formation of homologous pairs

How many chromatids are there in a tetrad during synapsis?

Four chromatids Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of meiosis I?

Formation of two haploid daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation?

Mutation in somatic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of gene flow in causing genetic variation?

Introducing new genes into a population Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

It creates unique combinations of traits Signup and view all the answers

Why is genetic variation important for evolution?

It provides the fuel for natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What makes tracking and studying simple dominant-recessive inheritance patterns easier?

Simple dominant-recessive inheritance patterns Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, genetic variation is increased through

Crossing over Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis is responsible for reducing the chromosome number by half?

Meiosis-I Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of fertilization in sexual reproduction?

To form a zygote Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes to genetic variation during meiosis?

Independent assortment of gametes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis?

Formation of gametes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation occurs in non-reproductive cells and is not passed on to offspring?

Somatic mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation occurs in reproductive cells and is passed on to offspring?

Germ-line mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation affects short lengths of nucleotides?

Gene-level mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation affects long lengths of nucleotides?

Chromosomal mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way DNA can be changed?

Insertion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutagen produces damage to DNA through the production of free radical damage?

Physical mutagens Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of mutagens on DNA repair mechanisms?

Disrupt the normal repair mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutagen creates direct damage to bases, resulting in base pair mismatching and miscoded regions of DNA?

Chemical mutagens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of genetic diversity in populations?

Mutations Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutagen produces DNA damage resulting in cancer formation?

Biological mutagens Signup and view all the answers

Which type of evolution occurs when many species adapt from a common ancestor?

Adaptive radiation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major causes of evolution that act on traits found in organisms?

Natural selection, genetic drift, and sexual selection Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of evolution explains the extinction of dinosaurs?

Gradualism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of evolution that occurs when two unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar environmental pressures?

Convergent evolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a long period of no change in a population followed by the sudden appearance of a new organism?

Punctuated equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific field studies how species change through time by studying the fossil record?

Paleontology Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific field helps us understand why similar environments do not always support the same species?

Biogeography Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific field allows us to visually compare the homology of organisms to understand how different environmental demands may have led to similar structures with different functions?

Comparative anatomy Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific field helps us understand evolutionary change and homology on the molecular level?

Molecular biology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a scientific field that contributes to the study and understanding of how populations change over time?

Molecular biology Signup and view all the answers

Which book by Charles Darwin introduced the idea of sexual selection?

The Descent of Man Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?

The survival of the fittest Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe traits passed down through generations that help individuals survive in their environment?

Adaptations Signup and view all the answers

When did Charles Darwin first introduce his theory of evolution by natural selection?

In The Origin of Species Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind sexual selection?

The passing down of traits related to reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main driving force behind natural selection?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mutations in natural selection?

Mutations are the only way for a new trait to present itself in a population Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of natural selection?

Increase in genetic variation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of meiosis in natural selection?

To increase genetic variation Signup and view all the answers

What determines which traits will be passed on to the next generation in natural selection?

Reproductive success Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an environment?

Temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe any change in the environment or ecosystem?

Environmental change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a long-term environmental change?

Permanent changes in the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe inheritable variations or changes in form, function, and behavior that help an organism to adjust well and succeed in its environment?