50 Questions
Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is true?
Homologous chromosomes physically connect at crossing points called chiasma.
During which phase of meiosis I does synapsis occur?
Prophase I
What is the result of crossing over during synapsis?
Genetic recombination between homologous chromosomes
How many chromatids are there in a tetrad during synapsis?
Four chromatids
What is the outcome of meiosis I?
Formation of two haploid daughter cells
Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation?
Mutation in somatic cells
What is the main role of gene flow in causing genetic variation?
Introducing new genes into a population
What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?
It creates unique combinations of traits
Why is genetic variation important for evolution?
It provides the fuel for natural selection
What makes tracking and studying simple dominant-recessive inheritance patterns easier?
Simple dominant-recessive inheritance patterns
During meiosis, genetic variation is increased through
Crossing over
Which phase of meiosis is responsible for reducing the chromosome number by half?
Meiosis-I
What is the main purpose of fertilization in sexual reproduction?
To form a zygote
Which of the following contributes to genetic variation during meiosis?
Independent assortment of gametes
What is the result of meiosis?
Formation of gametes
Which type of mutation occurs in non-reproductive cells and is not passed on to offspring?
Somatic mutations
Which type of mutation occurs in reproductive cells and is passed on to offspring?
Germ-line mutations
Which type of mutation affects short lengths of nucleotides?
Gene-level mutations
Which type of mutation affects long lengths of nucleotides?
Chromosomal mutations
Which of the following is a way DNA can be changed?
Insertion
Which type of mutagen produces damage to DNA through the production of free radical damage?
Physical mutagens
What is the main effect of mutagens on DNA repair mechanisms?
Disrupt the normal repair mechanisms
Which type of mutagen creates direct damage to bases, resulting in base pair mismatching and miscoded regions of DNA?
Chemical mutagens
What is the primary source of genetic diversity in populations?
Mutations
Which type of mutagen produces DNA damage resulting in cancer formation?
Biological mutagens
Which type of evolution occurs when many species adapt from a common ancestor?
Adaptive radiation
What are the three major causes of evolution that act on traits found in organisms?
Natural selection, genetic drift, and sexual selection
Which mechanism of evolution explains the extinction of dinosaurs?
Gradualism
What is the main type of evolution that occurs when two unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar environmental pressures?
Convergent evolution
What is the term used to describe a long period of no change in a population followed by the sudden appearance of a new organism?
Punctuated equilibrium
Which scientific field studies how species change through time by studying the fossil record?
Paleontology
Which scientific field helps us understand why similar environments do not always support the same species?
Biogeography
Which scientific field allows us to visually compare the homology of organisms to understand how different environmental demands may have led to similar structures with different functions?
Comparative anatomy
Which scientific field helps us understand evolutionary change and homology on the molecular level?
Molecular biology
Which of the following is NOT a scientific field that contributes to the study and understanding of how populations change over time?
Molecular biology
Which book by Charles Darwin introduced the idea of sexual selection?
The Descent of Man
What is the main focus of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
The survival of the fittest
What is the term used to describe traits passed down through generations that help individuals survive in their environment?
Adaptations
When did Charles Darwin first introduce his theory of evolution by natural selection?
In The Origin of Species
What is the main idea behind sexual selection?
The passing down of traits related to reproduction
Which of the following is the main driving force behind natural selection?
Environmental factors
What is the role of mutations in natural selection?
Mutations are the only way for a new trait to present itself in a population
Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of natural selection?
Increase in genetic variation
What is the main purpose of meiosis in natural selection?
To increase genetic variation
What determines which traits will be passed on to the next generation in natural selection?
Reproductive success
Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor in an environment?
Temperature
What is the term used to describe any change in the environment or ecosystem?
Environmental change
Which of the following is an example of a long-term environmental change?
Permanent changes in the environment
What is the term used to describe inheritable variations or changes in form, function, and behavior that help an organism to adjust well and succeed in its environment?
Adaptations
Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?
Changes in behavior
Test your knowledge on homologous chromosomes and genetic variation with this quiz! Learn about the structure of chromosomes and how they relate to genes. Explore the concept of homologous pairs and discover their role in genetic diversity. Perfect for biology enthusiasts and anyone interested in understanding the complexities of genetic inheritance.
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