Unlocking the Origins of Eukaryotic Cells

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Questions and Answers

What is the endosymbiotic theory in relation to the origin of eukaryotic cells?

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that eukaryotic cells originated from the merging of different types of prokaryotic cells through a process known as endosymbiosis.

Who developed the endosymbiotic theory?

Lynn Margulis.

What is the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Mitochondria are responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells.

What types of organisms are composed of eukaryotic cells?

Plants, animals, fungi, and protists. Signup and view all the answers

How did ancestral eukaryotic cells evolve according to the endosymbiotic theory?

Ancestral eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic relationship between primitive prokaryotic cells, where an ancestral eukaryotic cell engulfed a free-living bacterium, forming a symbiotic relationship in which the bacterium became an organelle within the host cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is saltatory conduction and how does it contribute to faster impulse transmission in myelinated fibers?

Saltatory conduction is a process in myelinated nerve fibers where action potentials 'jump' from one unmyelinated node to another, skipping the myelin sheath. This mechanism allows nerve impulses to travel faster along myelinated fibers compared to unmyelinated fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

The myelin sheath is a fatty insulating layer that surrounds nerve fibers. Its function is to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission by reducing capacitance and resistance along the axon. Signup and view all the answers

What are Nodes of Ranvier and how are they involved in saltatory conduction?

Nodes of Ranvier are gaps along the myelinated axon where the membrane is exposed. They play a crucial role in saltatory conduction as action potentials jump from one Node of Ranvier to another. Signup and view all the answers

How does saltatory conduction enable faster transmission of nerve impulses?

Saltatory conduction allows rapid transmission of nerve impulses along myelinated fibers by skipping the myelin-covered areas. This reduces the time required for the impulse to travel and enhances transmission efficiency. Signup and view all the answers

What are exogenous chemicals and what effects can they have on synaptic transmission?

Exogenous chemicals refer to substances that originate outside the body. They can have various effects on synaptic transmission, including modulation of neurotransmitter release, alteration of receptor function, and interference with signal propagation. Signup and view all the answers

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