Physical Science Chapter 11

Frame of Reference = A coordinate system used to describe the motion of an object System = A portion of a larger motion that we are interested in studying Distance = How far an object moves during a time interval Displacement = A vector quantity that describes a change in position

Tycho Brahe = Made highly accurate observations of the planets’ positions over time Johannes Kepler = Used Brahe's observations and applied mathematics to explain retrograde motion Galileo = Studied falling objects and concluded that all objects would fall at the same rate in a vacuum Isaac Newton = Developed the first truly mathematical model of motion in the late 1600s

35 m = Distance (scalar) 35 m north = Displacement (vector) 115 kph = Speed (scalar) 115 kph northwest = Velocity (vector)

<p>Mechanics = The study of motion Kinematics = The study of how things move Frame of Reference = A set of criteria or stated values in relation to which measurements or judgments can be made Newtonian Mechanics = Explains observations and makes predictions accurately enough for most objects without being overly complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albert Einstein = Developed relativistic mechanics to explain the motion of high-speed objects Isaac Newton = Developed the first truly mathematical model of motion in the late 1600s Tycho Brahe = Made highly accurate observations of the planets’ positions over time Johannes Kepler = Used Brahe's observations and applied mathematics to explain retrograde motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Δx = xf – xi = Displacement (change in position) c2 = a2 + b2 = Pythagorean theorem c = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = Finding displacement in two dimensions Δx1 = 4.5 km east = Initial displacement in an example</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical Mechanics = Isaac Newton's three laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation Modern Motion Models = More workable than Newtonian mechanics, but also far more complex Quantum Mechanics = Developed from the study of subatomic particles Relativistic Mechanics = Developed by Albert Einstein to explain the motion of high-speed objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Δx = 40 m – 10 m = 30 m = 30 m east or 30 m to the right Δx = –40 m – 10 m = –50 m = 50 m west, or 50 m to the left 8 km east = Displacement from A to B in two dimensions 2.3 km south = Displacement from the ranger's station in an example</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance = Always positive Displacement = May be positive or negative Scalar = A measurable quantity that consists of magnitude (size) only Vector = A measurable quantity with both magnitude and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle = Believed that things move as they do because it is their nature Tycho Brahe = Made highly accurate observations of the planets’ positions over time Johannes Kepler = Used Brahe's observations and applied mathematics to explain retrograde motion Isaac Newton = Developed the first truly mathematical model of motion in the late 1600s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance = The amount of space between two points Displacement = The change in position of an object Frame of Reference = A set of criteria or stated values in relation to which measurements or judgments can be made Kinematics = The study of how things move</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance = How far an object moves during a time interval Displacement = A vector quantity that describes a change in position Scalar = A measurable quantity that consists of magnitude (size) only Vector = A measurable quantity with both magnitude and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newtonian Mechanics = Explains observations and makes predictions accurately enough for most objects without being overly complex Relativistic Mechanics = Developed by Albert Einstein to explain the motion of high-speed objects Quantum Mechanics = Developed from the study of subatomic particles Classical Mechanics = Isaac Newton's three laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Δx = xf – xi = Displacement (change in position) c2 = a2 + b2 = Pythagorean theorem c = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = Finding displacement in two dimensions Δx1 = 4.5 km east = Initial displacement in an example</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle = Believed that things move as they do because it is their nature Tycho Brahe = Made highly accurate observations of the planets’ positions over time Johannes Kepler = Used Brahe's observations and applied mathematics to explain retrograde motion Albert Einstein = Developed relativistic mechanics to explain the motion of high-speed objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanics = The study of motion Kinematics = The study of how things move Frame of Reference = A set of criteria or stated values in relation to which measurements or judgments can be made Modern Motion Models = More workable than Newtonian mechanics, but also far more complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance is the total length of the path traveled and displacement is the straight-line distance between the initial and final positions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Δx = xf - xi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30 m west</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.6 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12.5 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measurable quantities with magnitude only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measurable quantities with magnitude and direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upward</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isaac Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motion of planets</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relativistic mechanics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They fall at the same rate in a vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Things move because it is their nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three laws of planetary motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it is the simplest model of motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>s = d/t</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80 km/h</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>v = Δx/Δt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.3 m/s east</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity is a vector quantity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Δx = xf - xi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10 km south-east</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 mph</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>v = Δx / Δt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>126 km north of the port</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plot the position on the y-axis and time on the x-axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plot the velocity on the y-axis and time on the x-axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Δx = xf - xi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>v_avg = Δx / Δt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>s_avg = total distance / total time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speed = Scalar quantity indicating the rate at which an object moves Velocity = Vector quantity indicating the rate at which an object's position changes Average Speed = Total distance traveled divided by the total time taken Average Velocity = Change in position divided by the time interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$45$ m east $- 10$ m east = Displacement of the horse in Example 11-3 $185$ km north $+ 17$ kph south $\cdot 3.5$ h = Final position of the ship in Example 11-4 $1232$ km $/ 14$ h = Average speed of the car in Example 11-2 $\Delta x = 45$ m east $- 10$ m east = Displacement of the horse in Example 11-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$s = d/t$ = $s$ represents speed $v = \Delta x/\Delta t$ = $v$ represents velocity $d = s \cdot t$ = $d$ represents distance $\Delta x = v \cdot \Delta t$ = $\Delta x$ represents displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Velocity = m/s Displacement = m Time = s Position = m</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement = The change in position of an object Average Speed = The total distance traveled divided by the total time taken Position vs. Time Graph = A graph that shows how an object's position changes over time Velocity vs. Time Graph = A graph that shows how an object's velocity changes over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle = Developed the concept of natural motion and violent motion Kepler = Developed the laws of planetary motion Tycho Brahe = Provided detailed observations of planetary motion Isaac Newton = Developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scalar Quantity = A quantity with magnitude only Vector Quantity = A quantity with both magnitude and direction Velocity = The rate at which an object changes its position Displacement = The change in position of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle = Natural motion and violent motion Kepler = Laws of planetary motion Tycho Brahe = Detailed observations of planetary motion Isaac Newton = Laws of motion and universal gravitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A to B (10 m east) and then from B to C (40 m west) = West A car travels 100 miles in 2 hours = Miles per hour A truck drives at a constant velocity for 5 seconds and ends up at position 40 m = North A horse moves from 10 m east of the gate to 45 m east of the gate in 15 s = East</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dog which increases its velocity by 3.0 m/s East over 1.5 seconds = Acceleration A bus traveling down the road at 12.4 m/s and accelerates at 5.1 m/s2 for 2.7 s = New velocity A top fuel dragster accelerates from 147 m/s west to 119 m/s west in 3.1 s = Acceleration A race car that starts from rest and accelerates to a velocity of 60 m/s in 6.0 s = Acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceleration = The rate of change in velocity Velocity = The rate at which an object changes its position Displacement = The change in position of an object Distance = The total amount of ground covered</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galileo = Concluded that all objects, regardless of mass, fall at the same rate in the absence of air resistance Kepler = Worked on planetary motion, resulting in the laws of planetary motion Newton = Developed the three laws of motion Einstein = Developed the theory of relativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scalar quantities = Physical quantities that have magnitude but no direction Vector quantities = Physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction Speed = The distance traveled per unit of time Velocity = The rate at which an object changes its position</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galileo = Developed the model of falling objects Kepler = Developed the model of planetary motion Newton = Developed the model of motion based on his three laws of motion Einstein = Developed the model of motion based on the theory of relativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scalar quantities = Time, mass, temperature Vector quantities = Displacement, velocity, acceleration Speed = The car is traveling at 60 miles per hour Velocity = The car is moving at 60 miles per hour in the north direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A car traveling at a constant speed of 50 km/h = Scalar A car traveling at a constant velocity of 50 km/h north = Vector A car accelerating from 0 km/h to 100 km/h in 10 seconds = Acceleration A car traveling a distance of 100 km in 2 hours = Speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement = The change in position of an object Velocity = The rate at which an object changes its position Acceleration = The rate of change in velocity Distance = The total amount of ground covered</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vf = aΔt+ vi = Initial Velocity vf = aΔt + vi = Time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free Fall = The motion of an object that falls due to gravity alone with no other forces acting on it Centripetal Acceleration = Acceleration that causes an object to move along a circular path Projectile Motion = The two-dimensional motion of any flying object whose path is determined by the influence of an external force only, such as gravity Trajectory = The curved path of a projectile</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceleration = m/s2 Initial Velocity = m/s Final Velocity = m/s Time = s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vf = aΔt+ vi = Time vf = aΔt + vi = Initial Velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free Fall = The motion of an object that falls due to gravity alone with no other forces acting on it Centripetal Acceleration = Acceleration that causes an object to move along a circular path Projectile Motion = The two-dimensional motion of any flying object whose path is determined by the influence of an external force only, such as gravity Trajectory = The curved path of a projectile</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free Fall = The motion of an object that falls due to gravity alone with no other forces acting on it Centripetal Acceleration = Acceleration that causes an object to move along a circular path Projectile Motion = The two-dimensional motion of any flying object whose path is determined by the influence of an external force only, such as gravity Trajectory = The curved path of a projectile</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>vf = aΔt+ vi = Time vf = aΔt + vi = Initial Velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of change in velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>m/s2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a = Δv/Δt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15.3 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>v = Δx/Δt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>s = Δx/Δt</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 mph</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance is the total path traveled, while displacement is the change in position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a = (vf - vi) / t</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12 m/s^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5.0 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>139 m/s^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>-2.9 m/s south</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>49.05 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two-dimensional motion involves movement in two different directions, while linear motion involves movement in only one direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acceleration that causes an object to move along a circular path.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two-dimensional motion of any flying object whose path is determined by the influence of an external force only.</p> Signup and view all the answers