Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of sociology when studying deviance?
What is the main focus of sociology when studying deviance?
- Biological and psychological factors
- Individual behavior and its impact on society
- International crime statistics
- Cultural and large group influences (correct)
What is a reason for the vast differences in definitions and rates of deviance between nations?
What is a reason for the vast differences in definitions and rates of deviance between nations?
- Inadequate law enforcement
- Cultural differences and societal norms (correct)
- Economic inequality and social support
- Genetic predisposition to deviant behavior
What does the comparison of gun homicide rates in the USA with other western democracies like Canada and Switzerland reveal?
What does the comparison of gun homicide rates in the USA with other western democracies like Canada and Switzerland reveal?
- The presence of guns is the sole major variable in homicide rates
- High gun ownership rates lead to high gun homicide rates
- Extreme levels of economic inequality contribute to high violence levels (correct)
- Racial minorities are the main cause of high homicide rates
What is deviance in sociology?
What is deviance in sociology?
What is the purpose of studying the criminal justice system according to the text?
What is the purpose of studying the criminal justice system according to the text?
What does encountering stigma mean for citizens widely regarded as seriously deviant?
What does encountering stigma mean for citizens widely regarded as seriously deviant?
How do sociologists view acts of killing in different social contexts?
How do sociologists view acts of killing in different social contexts?
Why might a person who never commits a significant deviant act be seen as 'deviant' according to the text?
Why might a person who never commits a significant deviant act be seen as 'deviant' according to the text?
Why do sociologists find the concept of deviance to be arbitrary according to the text?
Why do sociologists find the concept of deviance to be arbitrary according to the text?
According to the Differential Association Theory, what is the significance of differential peer associations?
According to the Differential Association Theory, what is the significance of differential peer associations?
How did sociologists Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay explain the higher rates of street crime in slum areas in Chicago?
How did sociologists Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay explain the higher rates of street crime in slum areas in Chicago?
What is the main message conveyed by the old advertisement mentioned in the text?
What is the main message conveyed by the old advertisement mentioned in the text?
What did Emile Durkheim suggest about deviant behavior?
What did Emile Durkheim suggest about deviant behavior?
What does the author's self-report surveys of Criminology students at Central Lakes College reveal?
What does the author's self-report surveys of Criminology students at Central Lakes College reveal?
What does the text suggest about the Western religious view of deviance?
What does the text suggest about the Western religious view of deviance?
What type of crimes are typically associated with low status (poor) persons?
What type of crimes are typically associated with low status (poor) persons?
Which type of crime costs the nation the most in damages despite being highly invisible to the public?
Which type of crime costs the nation the most in damages despite being highly invisible to the public?
What is the typical cost to the nation of white-collar crimes each year compared to all conventional street crimes?
What is the typical cost to the nation of white-collar crimes each year compared to all conventional street crimes?
Which theory suggests that poor neighborhoods are poorly organized and have fewer successful role models?
Which theory suggests that poor neighborhoods are poorly organized and have fewer successful role models?
How does the Labeling Theory explain deviance?
How does the Labeling Theory explain deviance?
Based on the text, what is the likely consequence of having a felony label for a young arrestee?
Based on the text, what is the likely consequence of having a felony label for a young arrestee?
What is the significance of tobacco-related deaths compared to street homicides?
What is the significance of tobacco-related deaths compared to street homicides?
What action have tobacco executives NOT faced despite their actions?
What action have tobacco executives NOT faced despite their actions?
What is the relationship between deaths related to intentional corporate pollution and conventional street homicides?
What is the relationship between deaths related to intentional corporate pollution and conventional street homicides?
What is the main focus of Steven Barkan's comparison of street crime vs. white collar crime?
What is the main focus of Steven Barkan's comparison of street crime vs. white collar crime?
What type of crime was omitted from Steven Barkan's comparison of street crime vs. white collar crime?
What type of crime was omitted from Steven Barkan's comparison of street crime vs. white collar crime?
What action have tobacco executives been accused of doing under oath in Congressional hearings?
What action have tobacco executives been accused of doing under oath in Congressional hearings?
What does the text imply about the enforcement of street crimes versus white-collar crimes?
What does the text imply about the enforcement of street crimes versus white-collar crimes?
Based on the information provided, what is the implication regarding the impact of diabetes compared to illegal drugs and car accidents?
Based on the information provided, what is the implication regarding the impact of diabetes compared to illegal drugs and car accidents?
What does the text suggest about the portrayal of smoking in movies and its target audience?
What does the text suggest about the portrayal of smoking in movies and its target audience?
Why do sociologists suggest that criminalizing consensual behaviors is counter-productive?
Why do sociologists suggest that criminalizing consensual behaviors is counter-productive?
Why does the text suggest that monitoring, imprisonment, or conviction of wealthy violators is rare?
Why does the text suggest that monitoring, imprisonment, or conviction of wealthy violators is rare?
Why does the text mention the S&L banking scandal and the banking scandals of 2007-9?
Why does the text mention the S&L banking scandal and the banking scandals of 2007-9?
What is the primary measure that sociologists suggest using to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of a corrections system?
What is the primary measure that sociologists suggest using to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of a corrections system?
What did CNN's Chief medical reporter Dr. Sanjay Gupta report about the primary source of opioid addiction in the USA?
What did CNN's Chief medical reporter Dr. Sanjay Gupta report about the primary source of opioid addiction in the USA?
What did reporters discover about the use of $90 million of U.S. drug war funds in Guyana, as mentioned in the text?
What did reporters discover about the use of $90 million of U.S. drug war funds in Guyana, as mentioned in the text?
What is the latent cultural purpose of the 'corrections' system according to many sociologists?
What is the latent cultural purpose of the 'corrections' system according to many sociologists?
How did executions affect the occurrence of homicides in regions where they were publicized?
How did executions affect the occurrence of homicides in regions where they were publicized?
What is a significant observation made about the racial bias in the U.S. criminal justice system?
What is a significant observation made about the racial bias in the U.S. criminal justice system?
What was Thomas Szasz's critique of psychiatry's approach to mental illness?
What was Thomas Szasz's critique of psychiatry's approach to mental illness?
What is the sociological model's objection to the religious and psychological models of deviance?
What is the sociological model's objection to the religious and psychological models of deviance?
What did the study in Minnesota reveal about the arrest rates of black citizens compared to white citizens?
What did the study in Minnesota reveal about the arrest rates of black citizens compared to white citizens?
What is suggested by the text regarding the impact of reducing art and music classes and recess options in schools?
What is suggested by the text regarding the impact of reducing art and music classes and recess options in schools?
Why are some primary and secondary school students likely to exhibit problematic coping behaviors?
Why are some primary and secondary school students likely to exhibit problematic coping behaviors?
What does the text imply about the consumption of Ritalin by U.S. children compared to children in the rest of the world?
What does the text imply about the consumption of Ritalin by U.S. children compared to children in the rest of the world?
Why does Szasz argue that problem behaviors should not be defined as disease?
Why does Szasz argue that problem behaviors should not be defined as disease?
What does the text imply about the impact of institutional design on mental disorders?
What does the text imply about the impact of institutional design on mental disorders?
Why do sociologists suggest that most mental disorders are actually very crude attempts by individuals at coping behaviors?
Why do sociologists suggest that most mental disorders are actually very crude attempts by individuals at coping behaviors?
What is the main focus of sociology when it comes to addressing problematic and criminal behavior?
What is the main focus of sociology when it comes to addressing problematic and criminal behavior?
What is one of the reasons that resistance to sociological solutions is traditionally high in the USA, as mentioned in the text?
What is one of the reasons that resistance to sociological solutions is traditionally high in the USA, as mentioned in the text?
What is considered as the primary focus for prevention efforts in addressing problematic and criminal behavior according to the text?
What is considered as the primary focus for prevention efforts in addressing problematic and criminal behavior according to the text?
Why does the text emphasize redesigning institutions to make individuals happier, healthier, and more comfortable with each other?
Why does the text emphasize redesigning institutions to make individuals happier, healthier, and more comfortable with each other?
What is suggested as being more effective, cheaper, and less likely to be discriminatory when addressing problematic and criminal behavior?
What is suggested as being more effective, cheaper, and less likely to be discriminatory when addressing problematic and criminal behavior?
What does the text suggest is a key aspect of redesigning institutions to address problematic and criminal behavior?
What does the text suggest is a key aspect of redesigning institutions to address problematic and criminal behavior?
How does sociology view the necessity for proper institutional support in addressing problematic and criminal behavior?
How does sociology view the necessity for proper institutional support in addressing problematic and criminal behavior?
What is one of the reasons stated in the text for citizens in the USA resisting sociological solutions?
What is one of the reasons stated in the text for citizens in the USA resisting sociological solutions?
What does sociology prioritize as a more effective approach in dealing with problematic and criminal behavior?
What does sociology prioritize as a more effective approach in dealing with problematic and criminal behavior?
Study Notes
Deviance in Sociology
- Main focus of sociology when studying deviance is to understand the social and cultural norms that define what is considered deviant
- Definitions and rates of deviance vary greatly between nations due to differences in cultural norms and laws
- Comparison of gun homicide rates in the USA with other western democracies like Canada and Switzerland reveals a much higher rate in the USA
Deviance and Crime
- Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms and expectations
- Criminal justice system is studied to understand how society responds to deviance
- Acts of killing in different social contexts are viewed as varying in deviance, e.g., war vs. street crime
Labeling Theory and Deviance
- A person who never commits a significant deviant act can still be labeled as "deviant" due to societal perceptions
- Sociologists view deviance as arbitrary, as it is shaped by social and cultural norms
- Labeling Theory explains deviance as a result of societal reactions to behavior, rather than the behavior itself
Theories of Deviance
- Differential Association Theory suggests that peer associations influence deviant behavior
- Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay explained higher rates of street crime in slum areas due to social disorganization
- Sociologists suggest that criminalizing consensual behaviors is counter-productive and can lead to more harm
Crime and Society
- Low-status (poor) persons are typically associated with street crimes
- White-collar crimes, such as corporate pollution, cost the nation more in damages than conventional street crimes
- Tobacco-related deaths far outnumber street homicides, yet executives have not faced sufficient action
Sociological Approach
- Sociologists prioritize addressing the social and cultural roots of deviance and crime
- Redesigning institutions to make individuals happier, healthier, and more comfortable with each other is key to addressing problematic behavior
- Proper institutional support is necessary for addressing deviance and crime
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Description
Test your knowledge about laws that have led to the criminalization of law-abiding citizens in history. Explore examples such as Prohibition and vagrancy laws that unjustly targeted certain groups of people.
