Linux Midterm Review 3
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not an absolute pathname?

  • $HOME/foo
  • ~/foo
  • /foo
  • foo (correct)

    • What command copies the password file into your HOME directory under the name foo?

  • cp ../home/me/../etc/passwd ./me/./foo
  • cp ./me/../etc/passwd ../home/me/foo
  • cp ../etc/passwd ./me/foo (correct)
  • cp ../etc/passwd ../me/foo

    • What is the Linux command to rename a single file or directory?

  • rm
  • mv (correct)
  • chname
  • move

    • What is the basename of the pathname a/b/c?

    <p>c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following commands always returns you to your account HOME directory?

    <p>cd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the command 'cp foo bar' in a directory that contains only the file foo?

    <p>there is a copy of the file named foo in the file named bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the tree command?

    <p>an indented, recursive list of directories and their contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the find command?

    <p>a recursive list of pathnames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the command touch ./foo ; mv ./mt/../foo ../me/bar?

    <p>the directory mt/.. now contains a file named bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplified pathname for /home/me/../you/../../etc/../home/me/../you/../me/../foo?

    <p>./home/foo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a shell GLOB pattern fails to match anything?

    <p>the shell passes the pattern unchanged to the command</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after the command date > foo/single ; mv foo/single double?

    <p>the directory foo is now empty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the PS1 shell variable?

    <p>to set the shell prompt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the command mv foo bar?

    <p>foo is renamed to bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characters is not a shell GLOB meta-character?

    <h1></h1> Signup and view all the answers

    If /etc/shadow is a file name, which pathname almost always leads to the same file?

    <p>/./../etc/./shadow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the .. notation in a pathname?

    <p>to specify the parent directory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the command 'echo /foo bar'?

    <p>the two text strings /foo and bar will be displayed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command below is the best way to find a line containing a question mark (?) in the file /etc/passwd?

    <p>fgrep '?' /etc/passwd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If /bin/bash is a file name, which pathname almost always leads to the same file?

    <p>././bin/./bash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Unix user name for the Super-User account?

    <p>root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If /bin/bash is a file name, which pathname almost always leads to the same file?

    <p>./bin/../bin/bash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Linux command name copies files?

    <p>cp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements is true about Unix commands?

    <p>They must be entered in lower-case letters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic purpose of a shell?

    <p>To find and run commands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If pig is a sub-directory that contains only the file dog, what happens after this command: mv pig/dog pig/././cat?

    <p>The directory pig now contains only a file named cat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If I am in a directory named /home/me and mt is an empty sub-directory, what is true after this command line: touch./fil ; mv mt/../fil../me/cat?

    <p>The directory ../me now has a file named cat in it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If my current directory is /home, which of these pathnames is equivalent to the pathname /home/a/b/c?

    <p>../home/a/b/c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command line displays the contents of the Unix passwd file one page at a time?

    <p>less /etc/passwd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If my current working directory is /home, and my HOME directory is /home/foo, which command copies file /bin/ls into my HOME directory under the name xx?

    <p>cp ./foo/../../bin/ls ./foo/./xx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Linux File Paths and Commands

    • A path can be absolute or relative, and it's essential to understand the difference between the two.

    Absolute vs. Relative Paths

    • An absolute path always begins with a forward slash (/) and specifies the location of a file or directory from the root directory.
    • A relative path does not begin with a forward slash and specifies the location of a file or directory relative to the current working directory.

    Understanding ../ and ./ in Paths

    • The notation ../ refers to the parent directory of the current working directory.
    • The notation ./ refers to the current working directory.

    CD Command

    • The command cd /home/.. leads to the parent directory of /home, which is the root directory (/).
    • The command cd ~ leads to the user's home directory.
    • The command cd .. leads to the parent directory of the current working directory.

    MV Command

    • The command mv source destination renames or moves the source file to the destination file.
    • The command mv can be used to rename a file or move a file to a different directory.

    CP Command

    • The command cp source destination copies the source file to the destination file.
    • The command cp can be used to create a duplicate of a file.

    Touch Command

    • The command touch creates a new empty file with the specified name.

    MV and CP Commands Example

    • If mt is an empty sub-directory, the command touch ./foo ; mv ./mt/../foo ./mt/../bar renames the file foo to bar in the mt directory.
    • The command mv mt/../foo mt/../bar renames the file foo to bar in the mt directory.

    Find Command

    • The find command is used to search for files based on various criteria such as name, size, and modification time.
    • The output of the find command is a recursive list of pathnames.

    Glob Pattern

    • A glob pattern is a pattern used to match file names.
    • The character * is a wildcard character in glob patterns that matches any characters.
    • The character ? is a wildcard character in glob patterns that matches any single character.

    Shell Variables

    • The shell variable PS1 is used to set the shell prompt.

    Unix File System

    • The root directory is the top-most directory in the Unix file system.
    • The home directory is the default directory for a user.
    • The etc directory contains system configuration files.

    Users and Permissions

    • The superuser account is the root account.
    • The root user has all privileges and can perform any operation on the system.

    Commands

    • The command fgrep is used to search for patterns in a file.
    • The command ls is used to list the files and directories in the current working directory.
    • The command mv is used to rename or move a file.
    • The command cp is used to copy a file.
    • The command touch is used to create a new empty file.

    Pathnames

    • The pathname ./etc/../pattern matches the file pattern in the parent directory of the current working directory.
    • The pathname ./etc/./pattern matches the file pattern in the etc directory of the current working directory.

    Directory Navigation

    • The command cd can be used to navigate through the directory hierarchy.
    • The command pwd is used to print the current working directory.

    File Systems

    • The Unix file system is a hierarchical system of files and directories.
    • The file system is divided into directories and subdirectories.

    File Types

    • A directory is a file that contains a list of files and subdirectories.
    • A regular file is a file that contains data.

    Unix Concepts

    • The concept of everything is a file means that devices, directories, and files are all represented as files in the Unix system.

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