Questions and Answers
Which of the following is not an absolute pathname?
foo
What command copies the password file into your HOME directory under the name foo?
cp ../etc/passwd ./me/foo
What is the Linux command to rename a single file or directory?
mv
What is the basename of the pathname a/b/c?
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Which of the following commands always returns you to your account HOME directory?
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What is the result of the command 'cp foo bar' in a directory that contains only the file foo?
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What is the output of the tree command?
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What is the output of the find command?
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What happens after the command touch ./foo ; mv ./mt/../foo ../me/bar?
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What is the simplified pathname for /home/me/../you/../../etc/../home/me/../you/../me/../foo?
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What happens if a shell GLOB pattern fails to match anything?
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What happens after the command date > foo/single ; mv foo/single double?
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What is the purpose of the PS1 shell variable?
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What is the result of the command mv foo bar?
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Which of the following characters is not a shell GLOB meta-character?
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If /etc/shadow is a file name, which pathname almost always leads to the same file?
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What is the purpose of the .. notation in a pathname?
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What is the result of the command 'echo /foo bar'?
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Which command below is the best way to find a line containing a question mark (?) in the file /etc/passwd?
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If /bin/bash is a file name, which pathname almost always leads to the same file?
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What is the Unix user name for the Super-User account?
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If /bin/bash is a file name, which pathname almost always leads to the same file?
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What Linux command name copies files?
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Which of these statements is true about Unix commands?
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What is the basic purpose of a shell?
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If pig is a sub-directory that contains only the file dog, what happens after this command: mv pig/dog pig/././cat?
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If I am in a directory named /home/me and mt is an empty sub-directory, what is true after this command line: touch./fil ; mv mt/../fil../me/cat?
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If my current directory is /home, which of these pathnames is equivalent to the pathname /home/a/b/c?
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Which command line displays the contents of the Unix passwd file one page at a time?
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If my current working directory is /home, and my HOME directory is /home/foo, which command copies file /bin/ls into my HOME directory under the name xx?
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Study Notes
Understanding Linux File Paths and Commands
- A path can be absolute or relative, and it's essential to understand the difference between the two.
Absolute vs. Relative Paths
- An absolute path always begins with a forward slash (/) and specifies the location of a file or directory from the root directory.
- A relative path does not begin with a forward slash and specifies the location of a file or directory relative to the current working directory.
Understanding ../ and ./ in Paths
- The notation ../ refers to the parent directory of the current working directory.
- The notation ./ refers to the current working directory.
CD Command
- The command cd /home/.. leads to the parent directory of /home, which is the root directory (/).
- The command cd ~ leads to the user's home directory.
- The command cd .. leads to the parent directory of the current working directory.
MV Command
- The command mv source destination renames or moves the source file to the destination file.
- The command mv can be used to rename a file or move a file to a different directory.
CP Command
- The command cp source destination copies the source file to the destination file.
- The command cp can be used to create a duplicate of a file.
Touch Command
- The command touch creates a new empty file with the specified name.
MV and CP Commands Example
- If mt is an empty sub-directory, the command touch ./foo ; mv ./mt/../foo ./mt/../bar renames the file foo to bar in the mt directory.
- The command mv mt/../foo mt/../bar renames the file foo to bar in the mt directory.
Find Command
- The find command is used to search for files based on various criteria such as name, size, and modification time.
- The output of the find command is a recursive list of pathnames.
Glob Pattern
- A glob pattern is a pattern used to match file names.
- The character * is a wildcard character in glob patterns that matches any characters.
- The character ? is a wildcard character in glob patterns that matches any single character.
Shell Variables
- The shell variable PS1 is used to set the shell prompt.
Unix File System
- The root directory is the top-most directory in the Unix file system.
- The home directory is the default directory for a user.
- The etc directory contains system configuration files.
Users and Permissions
- The superuser account is the root account.
- The root user has all privileges and can perform any operation on the system.
Commands
- The command fgrep is used to search for patterns in a file.
- The command ls is used to list the files and directories in the current working directory.
- The command mv is used to rename or move a file.
- The command cp is used to copy a file.
- The command touch is used to create a new empty file.
Pathnames
- The pathname ./etc/../pattern matches the file pattern in the parent directory of the current working directory.
- The pathname ./etc/./pattern matches the file pattern in the etc directory of the current working directory.
Directory Navigation
- The command cd can be used to navigate through the directory hierarchy.
- The command pwd is used to print the current working directory.
File Systems
- The Unix file system is a hierarchical system of files and directories.
- The file system is divided into directories and subdirectories.
File Types
- A directory is a file that contains a list of files and subdirectories.
- A regular file is a file that contains data.
Unix Concepts
- The concept of everything is a file means that devices, directories, and files are all represented as files in the Unix system.
