UNIX Processes Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a process in UNIX?

  • An external entity that interacts with the user
  • An independent entity that executes a program (correct)
  • A static entity that executes a program
  • A non-dynamic entity that cannot change its state

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a process in UNIX?

  • Runs independently of other processes
  • Can be in multiple states during its lifetime
  • Has its own memory space
  • Has a fixed program counter (correct)

    • How are processes created in UNIX?

  • By merging with another process
  • By duplicating an existing process's memory space (correct)
  • By overwriting the parent process
  • By randomly allocating resources

    • What allows multiple programs to execute simultaneously in UNIX?

    <p>Concurrent processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates an application from a program in UNIX?

    <p>An application can initiate multiple processes, but a program cannot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are foreground processes described in UNIX?

    <p>They run in the foreground and interact directly with the user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of processes in UNIX run in the background without requiring direct user interaction?

    <p>Background Processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of process in UNIX is created and managed by users to perform specific tasks or run applications?

    <p>User Processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of process is a zombie process in Linux?

    <p>A process that has finished its execution but still appears in the process table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of processes in UNIX handle critical system functions like memory management and I/O operations?

    <p>System Processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes daemon processes from other types of processes in UNIX?

    <p>They run with elevated privileges and provide system services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In UNIX, what type of processes form hierarchical structures allowing delegation of tasks?

    <p>Parent and Child Processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Process in UNIX

    • A process is an independent entity that executes a program, initiated when an application is launched, a program is run, or a command is executed.
    • It is a dynamic entity that can be in one of several states during its lifetime.
    • Each process has its own memory space, program counter, stack, and set of resources allocated by the operating system.

    Process Characteristics

    • Processes can run concurrently, allowing multiple programs to execute simultaneously.
    • Each program or command in Linux creates only one process.
    • An application can initiate multiple processes to fulfill different tasks.

    Process Creation

    • Processes are often created by forking off from an existing process known as the parent process.

    Example Scenario

    • A user opens a text editor application to write a document while also listening to music using a media player.
    • The text editor and media player are separate processes running concurrently on the operating system.
    • Each process has its own memory space and resources, allowing them to execute independently of each other.

    Types of Processes in UNIX

    Foreground Processes

    • Interactive processes that run in the foreground and interact directly with the user through the terminal.
    • Examples include text editors, command-line utilities, and interactive programs.

    Background Processes

    • Non-interactive processes that run in the background without requiring direct user interaction.
    • Examples include batch jobs, automated scripts, and system maintenance tasks.

    System Processes

    • Essential processes that are initiated and managed by the operating system to perform system-level tasks.
    • Examples include kernel processes, daemons, and system services.

    User Processes

    • Processes initiated and managed by users to perform specific tasks or run applications.
    • Can be interactive or non-interactive and may run in the foreground or background.

    Daemon Processes

    • Background processes that run continuously and perform specific system tasks or services.
    • Examples include network services (e.g., web server, DNS server), logging, printing, and scheduling tasks.

    Parent and Child Processes

    • Parent processes are processes that initiate the creation of other processes, known as child processes.
    • Child processes inherit attributes from their parent processes and may perform tasks independently or in coordination with the parent.

    Zombie and Orphan Process

    • A zombie process is a Linux process that has finished its execution but still has an entry in the process table.
    • Zombie processes usually get created when a child process completes its execution but the parent process has not acknowledged its termination.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn about processes in UNIX, which are independent entities that execute programs. Processes have different states during their lifetime, each having its own memory space, program counter, stack, and allocated resources. They can run concurrently, enabling multiple programs to execute simultaneously.

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