Unix Command Utilities

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Questions and Answers

What does the command `mv file1 file2` do?

Combines file1 and file2

Moves file1 and file2

Renames file2 to file1

Renames file1 to file2 (correct)

Who is the founder of Linux?

Stephen Linux

Linus Albert

Linus Torvalds (correct)

Linux D

What does it mean when a file is viewable but not editable?

It has read permission (correct)

It has no permissions

It has only execute permission

It has only write permission

Which command is used to change directory two steps back?

cd ../.. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a file system?

MD5 Signup and view all the answers

In the context of client-server architecture, who am I if I make requests and receive responses?

Client Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a role of Windows Server?

Linux Integration Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is not available in Windows Server 2022 Datacenter Edition?

None of the options Signup and view all the answers

What does a network operating system primarily run on?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an operating system?

PDF Signup and view all the answers

What is the full form of FAT?

File allocation table Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to create a hidden directory in Linux?

mkdir .directoryName Signup and view all the answers

Which command is commonly used to list hidden files in Linux?

ls -a Signup and view all the answers

What action does a server take when it receives a request?

Responds Signup and view all the answers

In a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network, what is a defining characteristic?

Direct sharing without a server Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used for both creating and listing a directory in Linux simultaneously?

mkdir directoryName && ls Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the identity store in an IDA infrastructure?

To contain properties that uniquely identify entities Signup and view all the answers

Which authentication method does Active Directory utilize?

Kerberos Authentication Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Access Control List (ACL) in Active Directory?

To specify access levels for identities Signup and view all the answers

What capability does Application Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) provide?

Deployment of a custom schema for specific applications Signup and view all the answers

Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) is primarily used for what purpose?

To issue digital certificates for PKI Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of an IDA infrastructure?

Providing e-mail services Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components is essential to the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) role?

Domain controller Signup and view all the answers

An identity, as described in the IDA context, is a representation of which type of entity?

An entity performing actions on a server Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of RISC architecture over CISC architecture?

Instructions are executed more rapidly. Signup and view all the answers

How does Hyper-Threading enhance CPU performance?

By allowing multiple threads to be executed simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What does the performance of a CPU primarily depend on?

The speed and data processing capacity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of multicore processors compared to single-core processors?

They can execute instructions simultaneously across multiple cores. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RAID technology?

To group storage devices for redundancy and performance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes RAID 10?

It combines the functionalities of RAID 1 and RAID 0. Signup and view all the answers

What role does virtualization play in computing?

It enables the creation of multiple independent virtual machines on a single hardware. Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the speed of a CPU as measured in billions of cycles per second?

Gigahertz (GHz) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary duty that a server performs known as?

Server role Signup and view all the answers

Which network device builds forwarding tables to determine data packet destinations?

Switches Signup and view all the answers

Which type of server is typically mounted on a server rack in a data center?

Rack Server Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common server role?

Web services Signup and view all the answers

What type of server is specifically known for housing multiple thin modular circuit boards?

Blade Server Signup and view all the answers

Routers are capable of segmenting a network into which of the following?

Both collision and broadcast domains Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the primary subsystem that makes up server hardware?

Power supply Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of switches in a network?

Limiting each port to its own collision domain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Domain Controller (DC)?

To authenticate identities and manage policy settings Signup and view all the answers

Which descriptor best explains an Organizational Unit (OU)?

A container for objects that can have Group Policy Objects linked to it Signup and view all the answers

What file holds the Active Directory data store on a Domain Controller?

Ntds.dit Signup and view all the answers

Which functional level allows for the use of Windows Server 2008 domain controllers?

Windows Server 2008 Signup and view all the answers

What defines a security boundary in an Active Directory environment?

A forest Signup and view all the answers

What does a tree in Active Directory represent?

A collection of domains that share a contiguous DNS namespace Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes an Active Directory Site?

It is a boundary for replication and service usage based on good network connectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC) on a Domain Controller?

To distribute encryption keys for secure authentication Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lecture 7: Unix Command Utilities

Overview:
- Revision
- Pathname
- Copy, Move and Replace
- Permission Modification
Creating a file:
- Two methods: cat utility and touch command.
Displaying a text file:
- The cat utility displays the contents of a text file.
Deleting a file:
- The rm (remove) command is used to delete a file.
Deleting a directory/folder:
- rmdir (remove directory) is used to delete an empty directory.
- Cannot delete a directory containing files. First delete the files.
- The -r option with rm is used for recursive deletion of directories and their contents.
Relative Pathname:
- Traces a path from the working directory to a file.
- Any pathname not starting with the root directory (/) is relative.
- Useful for navigating through multiple directories.
Absolute Pathname:
- Starts with the root directory (/).
- Used to specify the precise location of a file or directory from the root.
Copy, Move and Rename:
- cp command copies files/directories:
  - cp file1 [Directory Path]
  - cp -r folder1 [Directory Path]
- mv command moves/renames files/directories:
  - mv file1 [Directory Path]
  - mv file1 [Directory Path]/file2 (renames)
  - mv file1 file2 (renames)
Access Permission:
- Three types of users: owner, group, other.
- Each user can access a file in three ways: read(r), write(w), execute(x)
- Three types of users * three ways = nine possible ways to access files.
ls utility with -l and -g options:
- ls -l displays detailed information about files.
- ls -lg lists files including info on the file group permissions.
chmod Command:
- Modifies file permissions.
- Symbolic notation and octal numbers are common ways to represent permissions.
  - chmod u=rwx,g=rx,o=r file1 (gives read,write,execute to user; read & execute to group; read to others)
  - chmod 754 file1 (same permissions as above expressed numerically)

Lecture 8: GREP and Aliasing

Regular Expressions:
- The ability to match a string of text with flexibility and conciseness. (single char, word, sentence, or patterns)
GREP Command:
- Prints lines matching a regular expression.
- grep "text" filename searches for "text" within the file.
- Using -w for whole word matches avoids partial matches.
- Using -i for case insensitive searching.
- Using -n displays the line numbers of matching lines.
The -A option:
- Displays lines that come after the matched lines (N lines)
The -B option:
- Displays lines before the matched lines (N lines)
The -C option:
- Displays lines surrounding the matched lines (N lines before and after)
The -o option:
- Prints only matching strings, not the entire matching lines.
Aliasing:
- Shortnames for a command (or series of commands)

Lecture 9: Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)

Identity and Access (IDA):
- Stores info on users, groups, computers, etc.
- Identifies entities performing actions on a server using unique IDs.
AD data store:
- A centralized, globally accessible repository for identities.
- Managed on domain controllers performing the AD DS role.
IDA Responsibilities:
- Authentication (Kerberos).
- Access Control (ACLs—security policies).
IDA Technologies Supported by AD:
- Identity management,
- Application Integration and configuration,
- Trust and Access control, -Integrity and secure access,
- Partnership with other systems enabling Single sign-on (SSO) .
Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS):
- A centralized repository for identity management.
- Uses Group Policy to provide authentication and authorization services.
- Enables users to find any component in the directory by searching.
Application Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS):
- A standalone version of AD storing and replicating only application related information.
Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS):
- Set up a Certificate Authority for issuing digital certificates.
Active Directory Rights Management Services (AD RMS):
- Information-protection technology enabling policy templates for allowed and disallowed access.
Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS):
- Enables organizations to extend identity and access controls across multiple platforms and trusted partners, enabling single sign-on (SSO).
Beyond IDA:
- AD provides comprehensive features like schema management, policy-based administration, and replication services for distributed network environments.
Schema:
- A set of rules defining allowed object classes and attributes. (e.g. User objects with name and password attributes.)
Policy-based administration:
- Provides a central configuration point for settings deployed across multiple systems. (e.g. group policies.)
Replication Services:
- Copies data (including the directory itself) across disparate network segments to ensure consistency and availability.
Global Catalog:
- Enables querying AD and locating objects within the data store.
Components of AD Infrastructure:
- Active Directory data store
- Domain controller
- Domain
- Forest
- Functional levels
- Organizational units (OUs)
- Sites
Active Directory Data Store:
- Centralized directory stored on domain controllers.
- Contains schema, configuration, global catalog, and domain naming context.
Domain Controller (DC):
- Servers that provide AD services.
- Run the Kerberos Key Distribution Center (KDC).
Domain:
- A group of computers and users.
- The scope of administrative policies, such as password complexity and account lockout policies.
Forest:
- A collection of one or more domains that share the same configuration and schema.
  - Defines a security boundary within an organization.
Tree:
- A hierarchical grouping of domains based on their DNS names within a forest.
Functional Level:
- Defines the AD functionality and compatibility in a forest. (Windows 2000 native, Windows 2003 or Windows 2008).
Organizational Unit (OU):- Container for objects, scope for object management; groups policies (GPOs) can be linked to OUs.
Sites:
- Represent a portion of the enterprise where network connectivity is optimal, defining replication scope.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the Unix command utilities, covering essential topics such as creating, displaying, and deleting files and directories. Additionally, it explores the concepts of relative and absolute pathnames, as well as permission modifications. Test your knowledge of command line operations and file management in Unix.

Unix Command Utilities - Lecture 7

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