University of Ghana Academic Integrity Quiz
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What is the primary function of a theory in research?

  • To provide a statistical analysis of data
  • To show the connection between variables and hypotheses (correct)
  • To create a visual representation of findings
  • To summarize the research findings

    • According to Chukwuemeka, how is theory defined?

  • A set of guidelines for data interpretation
  • An organized group of propositions describing an occurrence (correct)
  • A comprehensive analysis of data
  • A method for collecting qualitative data

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of theory in public administration?

  • Scientific management theory
  • Theory of bureaucracy
  • Behavioral theories
  • Cognitive theory (correct)

    • What is the role of theories in understanding social issues?

    <p>To aid in comprehending and explaining phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do theories assist in the research process according to Onuoha?

    <p>By shaping our perception of reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abstract nature of theory imply about its existence?

    <p>It does not diminish its significance and importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand theories in problem-solving?

    <p>They shape our understanding of various concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Encarta define theory as?

    <p>A set of assumptions for explaining phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does plagiarism involve?

    <p>Representing someone else's work as your own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if a student is found guilty of plagiarism?

    <p>Sanctions will be applied as per the Plagiarism Policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many interim assessments will students take?

    <p>Three interim assessments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the first interim assessment scheduled?

    <p>14th December 2024.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the grading scale?

    <p>It can be altered at the instructors' discretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should students with special needs do?

    <p>Make arrangements with the Office of Students with Special Needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct number of points for the final examination?

    <p>40 points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can students reach the Office of Students with Special Needs?

    <p>Via social media and designated phone numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the key elements of W.A. Lewis's development strategy?

    <p>Industrialization financed by foreign capital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors were identified as barriers to development in the 1960's?

    <p>Sociological, psychological, and political factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Lewis view the traditional and modern sectors of the economy?

    <p>As co-existing and evolving towards equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change in societal attitudes was considered important for development transitions?

    <p>Shifts in empathy or the need for achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What model was applied to underdeveloped regions in the late 1940s?

    <p>The Harrod-Domar model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Modernization Theory emerge as a response to?

    <p>Development economics from other social sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lewis associate with the concept of unlimited labor supply?

    <p>Zero marginal productivity in agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key characteristic of the emerging paradigm in development thinking?

    <p>An emphasis on a simple growth equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a scientific theory?

    <p>To aid understanding of facts or reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does theorizing contribute to solving social problems?

    <p>By explaining and predicting phenomena</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Kerlinger, what does a theory consist of?

    <p>Interrelated constructs, definitions, and propositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should precede practical application in the research sequence?

    <p>A theorizing exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a theory provide in the context of research and education?

    <p>Centralized and generalized functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of the theorizing exercise?

    <p>Conceptualization and modeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does empirical data play in the application of a scientific theory?

    <p>It helps validate the theory through observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between theory and practice?

    <p>Theory informs and guides practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of indicators in research?

    <p>To justify or nullify the existence of concepts and variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between variables and hypotheses?

    <p>Every variable leads to the formulation of hypotheses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do concepts and variables require to validate their existence?

    <p>Real-world indicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of research, which of the following is the function of a theory?

    <p>To unify concepts, variables, hypotheses, and models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT an indicator of the concept of motivation?

    <p>High turnover rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example best illustrates indicators of a social issue?

    <p>Low life span and high death rate for poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to variables that lack indicators in research?

    <p>They are generally considered void or unmeasurable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of a model within research?

    <p>To represent relationships among concepts and variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory was popularized by Northrup in 1989 to explain intractable conflicts?

    <p>Intractable Conflict Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Frustration-Aggression Theory primarily explain?

    <p>Socio-economic violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory is not applicable to Boko Haram insurgency and Fulani herdsmen terrorism according to the content?

    <p>Resource Curse Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized about the application of theories in social science?

    <p>Theories can be used across various fields.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with applying general system theory to political science?

    <p>David Easton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fields is mentioned as part of the interdisciplinary nature of social science?

    <p>Public Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theorist's work relates to the application of system theory in sociology?

    <p>Niklas Luhmann</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of the theories discussed in the content?

    <p>They are discipline-specific.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Academic Integrity and Plagiarism

    • Adhere to the highest standards of academic integrity
    • Avoid plagiarism (representing others' work as your own) and all dishonest conduct
    • Follow the University of Ghana's Plagiarism Policy (accessible via given URL).

    Support and Counselling Services

    • Students with special needs should contact the Office of Students with Special Needs (OSSN) for accommodations
    • OSSN contact information:
      • Phone: 0554663502
      • WhatsApp: 0276121467
      • Facebook: (link provided)
    • For counselling, contact the UG Careers and Counselling Centre:
      • Phone: 024 594 5752

    Assessment and Grading

    • Three interim assessments and one final examination on Sakai LMS
    • First interim assessment (30 points) on December 14, 2024, covering Week 2 material
    • Second interim assessment (30 points) - date to be determined
    • Final examination (40 points) - date to be communicated by Academic Affairs Directorate
    • Refer to the University of Ghana undergraduate handbook for grading scale
    • Instructors retain the right to adjust the course outline; any changes will be announced

    Course Delivery Schedule - Week 1 & 2

    • Week 1: Course overview
    • Week 2: "Theory" and the notion of development
      • Key readings:
        • Dayal & Jha (2020), "What is Political Theory?" (eGyanKosh)
        • Chijioke et al. (2021), "Understanding Theory in Social Science Research"
        • Hettne (1983), "The Development of Development Theory"
        • Kumar (2016), "Development - The Story of an Idea"

    Theory as a Concept in Social Sciences

    • Theory is a product of theorizing and is tested publicly to gain acceptance for explaining and predicting phenomena, and solving societal problems
    • Theoretical research aims to discover solutions to social problems which in turn lead to conceptualization, modelling, and hypothesis generation
    • Hypotheses are tested through empirical data collection to identify causality and effect relationships – this process of application is known as practice
    • Theory forms the framework for research in social science
    • Theory contributes to the body of knowledge in research, teaching, and learning
    • Theory clarifies events while considering the problems they create or may create. Aim is understanding facts or reality
    • Kerlinger (1973) defines theory as interrelated constructs, definitions, and propositions that offer a systematic overview of phenomena, specifying connections amidst variables (seeking explanation and prediction)
    • Obasi (1999) describes theory as a group of related empirical generalizations or verified relationships between facts/variables
    • Theorizing enables us to connect various variables within a research project aimed at proving or disproving hypotheses and answering research questions
    • Theory functions as a window or lens, verifying and validating underlying research assumptions
    • Theory is presented as a group of harmonized propositions
    • Theory aides comprehending, describing, and predicting various occurrences
    • Theory is utilized in various aspects of life regardless of formal knowledge of theory
    • Theory, as an abstract concept, is crucial to shaping world views
    • Onuoha (2008) views theory as a lens for perception, emphasizing its importance in understanding phenomena
    • Theories shape environments and their application aids problem-solving
    • Encarta (2009) defines theory as a system of assumptions, principles, and procedures based on limited information.

    Importance of Theory in Learning and Practice

    • Social sciences are inherently connected to various theories for insights into societal realities
    • Theories exist in different disciplines (e.g., public administration, bureaucracy, scientific management, general systems, behavioral theories, human relations).
    • Theories address significant concepts in various domains

    Concepts, Variables, Hypotheses, Models, and Indicators

    • Research topics contain concepts
    • Concepts consist of variables
    • Variables generate hypotheses
    • Hypotheses can affirm or negate variables
    • Models generally derive from theories
    • Theories encompass scattered concepts, variables, hypotheses, and models to provide explanations and predictions
    • Indicators confirm the presence of concepts & variables. These are observable, measurable components of reality
    • Absence of indicators suggests the nonexistence of the concept.
    • Indicators are also known as indices (e.g., United Nations).

    Examples of Theories and Their Application

    • Frustration-Aggression theory (Dollard et al., 1939): Explains social and political conflicts
    • Relative Deprivation theory (Stouffer): Explains conflicts
    • Intractable Conflict theory (Northrup, 1989): Explains conflicts
    • Resource Curse theory: Explains Conflicts
    • Theories like those listed above can analyze Boko Haram insurgency and Fulani herdsmen terrorism in Nigeria depending on arguments.
    • W.A. Lewis's model (1954): A strategy for development in economies with abundant labor; industrialization is the key to development
    • Modernization theory: This theory shifts from economic models to include societal change aspects

    Additional points:

    • Theorizing about development led to an interdisciplinary approach including sociological, psychological, and political factors
    • Development theory underwent transitions and modifications over time (e.g. the Harrod-Domar model)
    • Modernisation theory emerged as a significant response from other social science fields, notably sociology

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential aspects of academic integrity, focusing on plagiarism policies and support services for students in the University of Ghana. It also includes information on assessment methods and grading policies. Prepare to reaffirm your understanding of academic honesty and available resources.

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