University Level Biology: Cell Division and Genomes Multiple Choice Questions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of cell division in multicellular organisms?

  • For growth, renewal, and repair (correct)
  • To create new organisms
  • To increase genetic diversity
  • To reduce the chromosome number by half

    • Which best describes a genome?

  • A single chromosome within a cell
  • A specific segment of DNA that contains a gene
  • A type of protein associated with chromosomes
  • The complete set of an organism's genetic material (correct)

    • What is chromatin?

  • A cluster of ribosomes
  • A single strand of RNA
  • A complex of DNA and proteins that condenses during cell division (correct)
  • A type of cell membrane

    • During cell division, what happens to sister chromatids?

    <p>They separate and move to opposite ends of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle involves the copying of chromosomes?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial role does the mitotic spindle play?

    <p>Chromosome movement during mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that describes the division of a bacterial cell into two daughter cells?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During cell division, what prevents the separation of sister chromatids until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle?

    <p>Cohesins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the characteristic of cancer cells where they can divide indefinitely without being inhibited by normal regulatory processes?

    <p>They can divide indefinitely without being inhibited by normal regulatory processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during metaphase of mitosis?

    <p>Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of cell cycle control?

    <p>Cancer cells can divide indefinitely without being inhibited by normal regulatory processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in the cell cycle?

    <p>They regulate the cell cycle through fluctuating concentrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the process of cytokinesis in animal cells?

    <p>The cleavage furrow forms and pinches the cell in two.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals regulate the cell cycle at the G1 checkpoint?

    <p>Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

    <p>To separate the sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a benign tumor?

    <p>It does not cause serious problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Division

    • The primary function of cell division in multicellular organisms is for growth, renewal, and repair.

    Genome and Chromatin

    • A genome refers to the complete set of an organism's genetic material.
    • Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that condenses during cell division.

    Cell Cycle

    • During cell division, sister chromatids replicate and remain attached.
    • The S phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the copying of chromosomes.
    • The mitotic spindle plays a crucial role in chromosome movement during mitosis.

    Cytokinesis

    • Cytokinesis is the division of the cell's cytoplasm.
    • In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through the formation of a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell in two.

    Cell Division in Bacterial Cells

    • Binary fission is the process by which bacterial cells divide into two daughter cells.

    Cancer Cells

    • Cancer cells can divide indefinitely without being inhibited by normal regulatory processes.
    • Cancer cells differ from normal cells in that they lack normal cell cycle control.

    Cell Cycle Checkpoints

    • Checkpoints in the cell cycle ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase, including the G1, S, and G2 checkpoints.
    • Cohesins prevent the separation of sister chromatids until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle.

    Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

    • Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases regulate the cell cycle through fluctuating concentrations.

    Mitosis

    • During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
    • The role of the mitotic spindle during mitosis is to separate the sister chromatids.

    Cell Cycle Control

    • The cell cycle control system ensures the accurate distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells by monitoring the attachment of chromosomes to the spindle.
    • External signals, such as growth factors, influence cell division by regulating the activity of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases.

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    Test your knowledge with 25 multiple-choice questions at the university level covering topics such as the primary function of cell division in multicellular organisms and the definition of a genome. Each question comes with answer choices and explanations.

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