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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of cell division in multicellular organisms?
Which best describes a genome?
What is chromatin?
During cell division, what happens to sister chromatids?
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Which phase of the cell cycle involves the copying of chromosomes?
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What crucial role does the mitotic spindle play?
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What is the process that describes the division of a bacterial cell into two daughter cells?
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During cell division, what prevents the separation of sister chromatids until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle?
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What is the name of the characteristic of cancer cells where they can divide indefinitely without being inhibited by normal regulatory processes?
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What occurs during metaphase of mitosis?
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How do cancer cells differ from normal cells in terms of cell cycle control?
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What is the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in the cell cycle?
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What describes the process of cytokinesis in animal cells?
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What signals regulate the cell cycle at the G1 checkpoint?
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What is the function of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?
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What is a characteristic of a benign tumor?
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Study Notes
Cell Division
- The primary function of cell division in multicellular organisms is for growth, renewal, and repair.
Genome and Chromatin
- A genome refers to the complete set of an organism's genetic material.
- Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that condenses during cell division.
Cell Cycle
- During cell division, sister chromatids replicate and remain attached.
- The S phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the copying of chromosomes.
- The mitotic spindle plays a crucial role in chromosome movement during mitosis.
Cytokinesis
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cell's cytoplasm.
- In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through the formation of a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell in two.
Cell Division in Bacterial Cells
- Binary fission is the process by which bacterial cells divide into two daughter cells.
Cancer Cells
- Cancer cells can divide indefinitely without being inhibited by normal regulatory processes.
- Cancer cells differ from normal cells in that they lack normal cell cycle control.
Cell Cycle Checkpoints
- Checkpoints in the cell cycle ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase, including the G1, S, and G2 checkpoints.
- Cohesins prevent the separation of sister chromatids until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle.
Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
- Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases regulate the cell cycle through fluctuating concentrations.
Mitosis
- During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate.
- The role of the mitotic spindle during mitosis is to separate the sister chromatids.
Cell Cycle Control
- The cell cycle control system ensures the accurate distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells by monitoring the attachment of chromosomes to the spindle.
- External signals, such as growth factors, influence cell division by regulating the activity of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases.
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Description
Test your knowledge with 25 multiple-choice questions at the university level covering topics such as the primary function of cell division in multicellular organisms and the definition of a genome. Each question comes with answer choices and explanations.