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Questions and Answers
What is the value of the universal gravitational constant, G?
What is the value of the universal gravitational constant, G?
- 9.8 m/s2
- 6.673 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2 (correct)
- 6.673 × 10–12 Nm2/kg2
- 3.14
According to the universal law of gravitation, the force of attraction between two objects is directly proportional to which of the following?
According to the universal law of gravitation, the force of attraction between two objects is directly proportional to which of the following?
- The difference of their masses
- The product of their masses (correct)
- The square of the distance between them
- The sum of their masses
According to the universal law of gravitation, the force of attraction between two objects is inversely proportional to which of the following?
According to the universal law of gravitation, the force of attraction between two objects is inversely proportional to which of the following?
- The sum of their masses
- The square of the distance between them (correct)
- The product of their masses
- The cube of the distance between them
Which scientist is credited with determining the value of the universal gravitational constant, G?
Which scientist is credited with determining the value of the universal gravitational constant, G?
What is the significance of the universal law of gravitation in understanding free fall?
What is the significance of the universal law of gravitation in understanding free fall?
Which formula accurately represents the weight of an object (W) in terms of its mass (m) and the acceleration due to gravity (g)?
Which formula accurately represents the weight of an object (W) in terms of its mass (m) and the acceleration due to gravity (g)?
What is the relationship between the weight of an object on Earth and its weight on the Moon?
What is the relationship between the weight of an object on Earth and its weight on the Moon?
What does the symbol 'g' represent in the context of gravitational acceleration?
What does the symbol 'g' represent in the context of gravitational acceleration?
What is the acceleration due to gravity denoted by?
What is the acceleration due to gravity denoted by?
Which of the following correctly describes free fall?
Which of the following correctly describes free fall?
Which of these statements regarding mass and weight is true?
Which of these statements regarding mass and weight is true?
What happens to an object's weight when it is taken to a place with lower gravitational pull?
What happens to an object's weight when it is taken to a place with lower gravitational pull?
Which variable does the acceleration due to gravity, 'g', not depend on?
Which variable does the acceleration due to gravity, 'g', not depend on?
What is the S.I. unit of weight?
What is the S.I. unit of weight?
As one moves from the poles to the equator, what happens to the value of 'g'?
As one moves from the poles to the equator, what happens to the value of 'g'?
What is the total time taken for a stone to ascend and descend when thrown vertically upward at an initial velocity of 49 m/s?
What is the total time taken for a stone to ascend and descend when thrown vertically upward at an initial velocity of 49 m/s?
What is the value of 'g' in m/s² at the surface of the earth?
What is the value of 'g' in m/s² at the surface of the earth?
What is the final velocity of a stone just before it touches the ground when dropped from a height of 19.6 m?
What is the final velocity of a stone just before it touches the ground when dropped from a height of 19.6 m?
Given an initial vertical velocity of 40 m/s and a gravitational acceleration of 10 m/s², what is the maximum height reached by the stone?
Given an initial vertical velocity of 40 m/s and a gravitational acceleration of 10 m/s², what is the maximum height reached by the stone?
What is the total distance covered by the stone when it is thrown upward and comes back down?
What is the total distance covered by the stone when it is thrown upward and comes back down?
Which equation is used to calculate the distance traveled by the stone thrown upward before reaching its maximum height?
Which equation is used to calculate the distance traveled by the stone thrown upward before reaching its maximum height?
What is the primary reason a sheet of paper falls slower than a ball?
What is the primary reason a sheet of paper falls slower than a ball?
Which statement correctly distinguishes between the gravitational constant (G) and the acceleration due to gravity (g)?
Which statement correctly distinguishes between the gravitational constant (G) and the acceleration due to gravity (g)?
Why do heavy objects not fall faster than light objects in the absence of air resistance?
Why do heavy objects not fall faster than light objects in the absence of air resistance?
What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if the distance between them is doubled?
What happens to the gravitational force between two objects if the distance between them is doubled?
If both masses of two objects are doubled, what is the effect on the gravitational force between them?
If both masses of two objects are doubled, what is the effect on the gravitational force between them?
What will be the maximum height reached by a ball thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 49 m/s (assuming g = 9.8 m/s²)?
What will be the maximum height reached by a ball thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 49 m/s (assuming g = 9.8 m/s²)?
What is the total time it takes for a ball thrown upwards at 49 m/s to return to the surface of the earth?
What is the total time it takes for a ball thrown upwards at 49 m/s to return to the surface of the earth?
What happens to the gravitational force if the mass of one object is tripled?
What happens to the gravitational force if the mass of one object is tripled?
Flashcards
Universal Law of Gravitation
Universal Law of Gravitation
Every object attracts every other object with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Force of Attraction
Force of Attraction
The gravitational force between two objects determined by their masses and the distance separating them.
Value of G
Value of G
The universal gravitational constant, G = 6.673 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg²
SI Unit of G
SI Unit of G
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Free Fall
Free Fall
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Weight Formula
Weight Formula
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Gravity on Moon
Gravity on Moon
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Motion Equations
Motion Equations
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Time of Ascent (Ta)
Time of Ascent (Ta)
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Total Time (T)
Total Time (T)
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Final Velocity (v)
Final Velocity (v)
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Maximum Height (s)
Maximum Height (s)
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Total Distance Covered
Total Distance Covered
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Acceleration due to Gravity (g)
Acceleration due to Gravity (g)
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Gravitational Constant (G)
Gravitational Constant (G)
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Difference between Mass and Weight
Difference between Mass and Weight
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Mass
Mass
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Weight
Weight
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Radius of the Earth (R)
Radius of the Earth (R)
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Vector Quantity
Vector Quantity
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Air Friction
Air Friction
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Mass Effect on Force
Mass Effect on Force
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Distance Effect on Force
Distance Effect on Force
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Maximum Height Calculation
Maximum Height Calculation
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Study Notes
Universal Law of Gravitation
- Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
- The force acts along the line joining the centers of the two objects.
- Formula: F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2
- F is the force of attraction
- G is the universal gravitational constant (approximately 6.674 × 10^-11 N⋅m²/kg²)
- m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects
- r is the distance between the centers of the two objects
Importance of Universal Law of Gravitation
- Explains the force that binds us to Earth.
- Explains the motion of the Moon around Earth.
- Explains the motion of planets around the Sun.
- Explains tides caused by the Moon and Sun.
Calculating the value of g
- Acceleration due to gravity (g) is the acceleration experienced by an object due to the gravitational pull of another object (often Earth).
- Formula: g = GM / r^2
- G is the gravitational constant
- M is the mass of the large object (e.g., Earth)
- r is the distance from the center of the large object to the object experiencing gravity.
Free Fall
- Free fall is the motion of an object when it is falling under the influence of gravity alone, with no other forces acting upon it.
Relation Between G and g
- Acceleration due to gravity (g) is related to the gravitational constant (G) and the mass (M) and radius (R) of the Earth.
- Formula: g = GM / R^2
Mass vs. Weight
- Mass: A measure of the amount of matter in an object.
- Measured in kilograms (kg)
- Inertia is a property related to mass: resistance to acceleration.
- Weight: The force of gravity acting on an object's mass.
- Measured in Newtons (N)
- Weight = mass × acceleration due to gravity (g)
Gravitational Constant (G) vs. Acceleration due to Gravity (g)
- Gravitational Constant (G): A universal constant representing the strength of the gravitational force between any two objects.
- Value: Approximately 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N⋅m²/kg².
- Scalar quantity (only magnitude)
- Constant value everywhere
- Acceleration due to Gravity (g): The acceleration experienced by an object due to the Earth's gravitational pull.
- Value: Varies slightly based on location on the Earth. Approximately 9.8 m/s².
- Vector quantity (has both magnitude and direction)
- Value varies depending on location.
Numerical Examples (Summary)
- Force Changes with Mass and Distance: Doubling one mass doubles the force; doubling the distance reduces the force to one-fourth. Tripling the distance reduces the force to one-ninth.
- Vertical Motion: Objects thrown vertically upward achieve maximum height by having zero final velocity. Total time of flight is double the time it takes to reach maximum height. Objects dropped from a height acquire velocity according to acceleration due to gravity; formula for this is shown in the pages.
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