Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights
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Questions and Answers

What should be sought in research involving a group of persons or a community regarding consent?

Additional agreement from the legal representatives of the group or community may be sought.

What is the main consideration for obtaining authorization for research involving persons without the capacity to consent?

Authorization should be obtained in accordance with the best interest of the person concerned.

What is required when conducting research for individuals who cannot consent and have no direct health benefit?

Such research should only be undertaken by way of exception, with minimal risk and burden.

How should individuals without the capacity to consent be involved in the consent process?

<p>They should be involved to the greatest extent possible in the decision-making process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional protections should be provided to individuals and groups of special vulnerability?

<p>Human vulnerability should be taken into account and their personal integrity respected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be respected if a person without the capacity to consent refuses to participate in research?

<p>The refusal of such persons to take part in research should be respected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can research without potential direct health benefit be justified?

<p>It can only be justified by way of exception and must meet strict conditions specified by law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Universal Declaration, what should researchers prioritise during medical practice?

<p>Researchers should prioritize the protection and respect for human vulnerability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of states and institutions in relation to transnational practices as per Article 21?

<p>They should ensure that activities are consistent with the principles set out in the Declaration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In transnational research funded by an external source, which ethical review locations are required according to Article 21?

<p>The host State(s) and the State where the funder is located.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should transnational health research respond according to Article 21?

<p>It should be responsive to the needs of host countries and aim to alleviate global health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be established during the negotiation of a research agreement as per Article 21?

<p>Terms for collaboration and agreements on the benefits of research with equal participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measures should states take to combat bioterrorism and illicit traffic, according to Article 21?

<p>States should implement appropriate measures, both nationally and internationally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Article 22, what types of measures should states take to implement the Declaration's principles?

<p>Legislative, administrative, or other character measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What spheres should be supported by actions as per Article 22 in relation to the Declaration?

<p>Education, training, and public information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What overarching legal framework should states consider when applying the Declaration's principles?

<p>International human rights law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the principles of the Declaration be interpreted in relation to one another?

<p>The principles should be understood as complementary and interrelated, considering each principle in the context of the others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can the application of the principles be limited?

<p>Limitations can occur by law, particularly concerning public safety, criminal investigations, public health, and the rights of others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 28 clarify regarding actions that contradict human rights?

<p>Article 28 clarifies that no state, group, or person can engage in activities contrary to human rights, fundamental freedoms, and human dignity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to view the Declaration as a whole?

<p>Viewing the Declaration as a whole is important to grasp the full scope and interrelation of its principles, ensuring comprehensive application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for any law limiting the Declaration's principles?

<p>Any such law must be consistent with international human rights law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental right is emphasized in the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights regarding health?

<p>The fundamental right emphasized is the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health for every human being without distinction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List two key areas that should experience advancement due to progress in science and technology according to the declaration.

<p>Two key areas are access to quality health care and access to adequate nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one form of benefit sharing emphasized for scientific research in developing countries?

<p>Access to quality health care is one form of benefit sharing emphasized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Article 15, what must be the nature of benefits resulting from scientific research?

<p>Benefits must be shared with society as a whole and particularly with developing countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is eliminating marginalization important in the context of health rights?

<p>Eliminating marginalization is essential to ensure equal access to health resources for all individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consideration should be given regarding the impact of life sciences on future generations?

<p>The impact on the genetic constitution of future generations should be duly regarded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does adequate nutrition play in the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights?

<p>Adequate nutrition is identified as essential for promoting overall health and well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one of the impacts of scientific research on health services as described in the declaration.

<p>Support for health services is one of the impacts of scientific research described.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the date and location of the adoption of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights?

<p>19 October 2005 in Paris, France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique capacity do humans possess according to the declaration?

<p>Humans have the capacity to reflect upon their existence and their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the declaration, what aspects must be respected concerning ethical issues in science and technology?

<p>The dignity of the human person and universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms must be respected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it considered necessary for the international community to state universal bioethical principles?

<p>To provide a foundation for responding to dilemmas and controversies arising from science and technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which UNESCO conventions are recalled in the declaration?

<p>The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized regarding the role of cultural diversity in bioethics?

<p>Cultural diversity is necessary for exchange, innovation, and creativity, but cannot come at the cost of human rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of factors, apart from scientific and technological developments, influence health according to the declaration?

<p>Psychosocial and cultural factors influence health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the declaration state about the impact of unethical scientific conduct?

<p>Unethical scientific conduct has particularly affected indigenous and local communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is international cooperation in bioethics considered necessary?

<p>It is necessary to address the special needs of developing countries and vulnerable populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected role of bioethics in scientific and technological developments?

<p>Bioethics should be an integral part of the scientific and technological development process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the declaration suggest about the identity of a person?

<p>A person's identity includes biological, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What responsibility does the present generation have toward future generations according to the declaration?

<p>The present generation has a responsibility to consider the effects of scientific and technological developments on future generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stated about the standards of ethics in medicine and life science research?

<p>All human beings should benefit from the same high ethical standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which context should bioethics be treated according to the declaration?

<p>Bioethics should be treated as a whole with an international dimension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights?

<p>It emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations in biomedicine and human rights protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the declaration address the issue of informed consent?

<p>It stipulates that informed consent must be obtained from participants involved in research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the declaration play in protecting vulnerable populations?

<p>It requires additional safeguards to ensure the rights of vulnerable individuals and groups are respected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context does the declaration allow for exceptions to consent requirements?

<p>Exceptions may occur when research is conducted for individuals unable to consent and when potential benefits outweigh risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical principle is prioritized when conducting research without potential direct health benefits?

<p>The principle of justice must guide the research process to ensure fair treatment and benefit distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What responsibilities do researchers have towards individuals who refuse to participate in studies?

<p>Researchers must respect the autonomy of individuals who decline participation without coercion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Universal Declaration influence medical practice?

<p>It encourages researchers and practitioners to prioritize ethical considerations and human rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What framework does the declaration provide for assessing ethical issues in research?

<p>It offers a basis for evaluating the ethical dimensions of consent and human rights in biomedical research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights

  • Date and place of adoption: October 19, 2005, Paris, France
  • Type of instrument: Declaration
  • Purpose: To guide States in formulating bioethics legislation, to guide individuals, and to promote respect for human dignity.
  • Aims: Provide a universal framework to guide states, actions of individuals, organizations, promote human dignity, respect for life and fundamental freedoms, recognize importance of research and developments within ethical principles, foster multidisciplinary dialogue on bioethical issues within society, promoting equitable access to medical advancements, safeguard and protect future generations, and promote biodiversity.
  • Principles: Human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms are to be fully respected; individual interests and welfare over science or societal interests; benefit and harm (maximize benefits, minimize harm); autonomy and individual responsibility, including persons who are not capable of exercising autonomy; consent (prior informed, free consent, right to withdraw consent); vulnerability and integrity must be respected; privacy and confidentiality are to be respected (avoid use or disclosure for unintended purposes); equality, justice, and equity; non-discrimination and non-stigmatization; respect for cultural diversity; solidarity; social and health considerations.
  • Article 15 (Sharing of benefits): Benefits from research should be shared with society and developing countries, including access to health care, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, capacity building and other forms of support, consistent with the declaration's principles without improper inducements to participate in research
  • Article 16 (Protecting future generations): The impact of life science innovations on future generations, including genetic constitution, should be considered
  • Article 17 (Environment, biosphere, and biodiversity): Interconnection between humans and other life forms, appreciating biological and genetic resources, valuing traditional knowledge, and recognizing human responsibilities for environmental, biospheric, and biodiversity considerations are all key.
  • Article 18 (Decision-making and addressing bioethical issues): Importance of professionalism, honesty, integrity, transparency, conflict of interest disclosure, scientific knowledge, and public engagement in bioethics discussions
  • Article 27 (Limitations on the application of the principles): Limitations to the application of these principles are to be limited by law, including in cases of public safety, to ensure public health protections and freedoms of others, consistent with international human rights law.
  • Article 28 (Denial of acts contrary to human rights, fundamental freedoms and human dignity): Nothing should be interpreted as allowing actions or activities that violate human rights, fundamental freedoms, and human dignity.

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Universal Declaration On Bioethics and Human Rights 2005 PDF

Description

This quiz explores the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights adopted in Paris on October 19, 2005. It covers its purpose, aims, and key principles that guide bioethics legislation and promote human dignity. Engage with critical concepts surrounding individual rights and the ethical considerations in medical advancements.

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