Units of Measurement Quiz
31 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the standard unit for measuring mass in the fundamental dimensions?

  • Pound
  • Kilogram (correct)
  • Newton
  • Gram

What is the formula for calculating density?

  • Density = Weight/Volume
  • Density = Mass/Volume (correct)
  • Density = Pressure/Area
  • Density = Volume/Mass

What does 1 Pascal represent?

  • Force per unit mass
  • Pressure per unit area (correct)
  • Energy per unit area
  • Work per unit volume

Which of the following correctly defines specific gravity?

<p>The ratio of weight density of a fluid to that of a standard fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of power defined by the work done per second?

<p>Watt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is specific volume defined?

<p>Volume per unit mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation corresponds to Newton's second law of motion?

<p>F = Mass x Acceleration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific weight of a fluid?

<p>Weight divided by volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the boiling temperature of a liquid when the pressure above it is reduced to equal or less than its vapor pressure?

<p>The boiling temperature becomes lower than the normal boiling point. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cavitation in a flowing liquid?

<p>Pressure falling below the vapor pressure of the liquid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pressure is defined as the pressure below atmospheric pressure?

<p>Vacuum pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following devices is classified as a manometer?

<p>Single column manometer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is absolute pressure calculated?

<p>Absolute pressure = Atmospheric pressure + Gauge pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mechanical gauge relies on a flexible diaphragm to measure pressure?

<p>Bellows pressure gauge. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when vapor bubbles collapse during cavitation?

<p>High pressure zones. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of manometers?

<p>To balance fluid columns for pressure measurement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon occurs when the pressure of a liquid flowing through a system drops below its vapor pressure?

<p>Vaporization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a gauge pressure is positive, which statement is true regarding absolute pressure?

<p>It exceeds atmospheric pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between specific gravity and density of a fluid?

<p>Density of fluid is equal to the specific gravity multiplied by the density of water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fluid is characterized by shear stress that is not proportional to shear strain?

<p>Non-Newtonian fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expression for shear stress according to Newton's law of viscosity?

<p>$τ = μ (du/dy)$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an ideal fluid from a real fluid?

<p>Ideal fluids have no viscosity, while real fluids possess viscosity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle explains the tensile force acting on the surface of a liquid?

<p>Surface tension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pressure inside a droplet and surface tension?

<p>$P = 4σ/d$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is capillarity expressed when a liquid is in a small tube?

<p>It is denoted as a rise or fall measured in cm or mm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a hollow bubble, how does pressure relate to surface tension?

<p>$P = 8σ/d$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phenomenon of liquid rise in a narrow tube is known as what?

<p>Capillary rise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the expression for capillary rise depend on the diameter of the tube?

<p>Inversely proportional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is kinematic viscosity defined as?

<p>The ratio between dynamic viscosity and fluid density. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the expression for capillary fall, what term represents the angle of contact?

<p>θ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cavitation, what change occurs in the state of matter?

<p>Liquid to gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Density

Mass per unit volume of a fluid

Density Unit

Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³)

Newton

Unit of force; force that accelerates 1 kg of mass by 1 m/s²

Pascal

Unit of pressure; force per unit area

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specific Weight

Weight of a fluid per unit volume

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specific Volume

Volume per unit mass of a fluid

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specific Gravity

Ratio of a fluid's density to the density of a standard fluid (usually water for liquids, air for gases)

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dimension

Measurable characteristic of an object (e.g., mass, length, temperature)

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by the vapor of a liquid in equilibrium with its liquid phase at a given temperature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cavitation

The formation of vapor bubbles in a flowing liquid due to a pressure drop below the vapor pressure, followed by their sudden collapse in a region of high pressure, causing damage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Absolute Pressure

Pressure measured relative to a perfect vacuum, meaning zero pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gauge Pressure

Pressure measured relative to atmospheric pressure, usually measured with a pressure gauge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vacuum Pressure

Pressure below atmospheric pressure, often used to describe a partial vacuum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Manometer

A device that measures pressure by balancing a column of fluid against another column of fluid.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Simple Manometer

A type of manometer with one end open to the atmosphere, used to measure pressure relative to atmospheric pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Piezometer

A type of simple manometer that measures pressure at a point in a fluid using a vertical tube.

Signup and view all the flashcards

U-tube Manometer

A type of simple manometer with a U-shaped tube, commonly used for measuring pressure differences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Single Column Manometer

A type of simple manometer that uses a single vertical tube to measure pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specific Gravity (S) for Liquids

Ratio of the weight density of a liquid to the weight density of water. It's a measure of how dense a liquid is relative to water.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Specific Gravity (S) for Gases

Ratio of the weight density of a gas to the weight density of air. It's a measure of how dense a gas is relative to air.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Weight Density of a Liquid

Weight of a liquid per unit volume. Calculated by multiplying the specific gravity by the weight density of water (1000 kg/m³ * 9.81 N/m³).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Density of a Liquid

Mass of a liquid per unit volume. Calculated by multiplying the specific gravity by the density of water (1000 kg/m³).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Viscosity

Property of a fluid that resists the flow of one layer over another. Higher viscosity means more resistance to flow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shear Stress

Force acting on a fluid layer due to its interaction with an adjacent layer moving at a different speed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rate of Shear Strain

How quickly the velocity of a fluid changes with respect to distance. A higher rate means a more rapid change in velocity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kinematic Viscosity

Measure of a fluid's resistance to flow due to its viscosity and density. It's the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Newtonian Fluid

Fluid where shear stress is directly proportional to the rate of shear strain. Its viscosity remains constant, regardless of how fast it's flowing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Non-Newtonian Fluid

Fluid where shear stress is not directly proportional to the rate of shear strain. Its viscosity varies with the flow rate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Tension

Force acting on the surface of a liquid, causing it to behave like a stretched membrane. It's the force per unit length of the surface.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Tension on a Liquid Droplet

Pressure inside a spherical liquid droplet is greater than the outside pressure due to surface tension. Pressure is related to surface tension and droplet diameter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Tension on a Hallow Bubble

A hallow bubble has two surfaces in contact with air, increasing the pressure inside due to surface tension. Pressure increases with surface tension and decreases with bubble diameter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Tension on a Liquid Jet

The pressure difference between the inside and outside of a liquid jet is balanced by surface tension, creating a relationship between pressure, surface tension and jet diameter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capillarity

The rise or fall of a liquid in a narrow tube relative to the surrounding liquid level. It's caused by surface tension and the angle of contact between the liquid and the tube.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Units of Measurement

  • Dimensions are measurable characteristics like mass, length, and temperature.
  • Units are standardized ways to measure dimensions.
  • Fundamental units include:
    • Mass (kg)
    • Length (m)
    • Time (s)
    • Temperature (°C or K)
  • Density is mass per unit volume (kg/m³). Water density is 1000 kg/m³.
  • Newton (N) is a unit of force (kg⋅m/s²). Force equals mass times acceleration.
  • Pascal (Pa) is a unit of pressure (N/m²). Pressure equals force per unit area.
  • Joule (J) is a unit of work (N⋅m). Work equals force times displacement.
  • Watt (W) is a unit of power (J/s). Power equals work per unit time.
  • Specific weight (or weight density) is expressed as weight per unit volume (N/m³).
  • Specific volume is represented as volume per unit mass (m³/kg).
  • Specific gravity (or relative density) is a ratio of a fluid's weight density (or density) to a standard fluid's (e.g., water for liquids, air for gases). It's dimensionless.

Fluid Types and Properties

  • Ideal fluid: Imaginary, non-viscous, and incompressible.
  • Real fluid: Possesses viscosity; all real-world fluids.
  • Newtonian fluid: Stress is proportional to the rate of shear strain.
  • Non-Newtonian fluid: Stress is not proportional to the rate of shear strain.
  • Ideal plastic fluid: Shear stress exceeds a yield value, then proportional to the rate of shear strain.

Surface Tension

  • Surface tension (σ) is the force per unit length acting on a liquid's surface. Units of N/m.
  • Surface tension on a liquid droplet: The pressure inside a droplet (exceeding outside pressure) is related to surface tension and droplet diameter: P = 4σ/d.
  • Surface tension on a hollow bubble: Pressure across a hollow bubble is twice that of a droplet : P = 8σ/d.
  • Surface tension on a liquid jet: Pressure inside a liquid jet is related to its diameter and surface tension: P = 2σ/d.

Capillarity

  • Capillarity is the rise or fall of liquid in a narrow tube compared to the surrounding liquid level.
  • Capillary rise (or depression): related to surface tension, contact angle, tube diameter, and liquid density through the expression : h = 4σ cos θ/ (ρ × g × d).

Vapor Pressure and Cavitation

  • Vaporization: Liquid to gas transformation.
  • Vapor pressure: Pressure exerted by vaporized liquid molecules.
  • Cavitation: Formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in a flowing liquid due to reduced pressure below the vapor pressure. Collapse causes high pressure, pitting, or erosion.

Pressure Measurement

  • Absolute pressure: Measured against a complete vacuum.
  • Gauge pressure: Measured relative to atmospheric pressure.
  • Vacuum pressure: Pressure less than atmospheric.
  • Manometers: Devices for measuring pressure using balanced fluid columns. Includes simple manometers (piezometer, U-tube) and differential manometers.
  • Mechanical gauges: Devices using springs or dead weights for pressure measurement. Includes diaphragm, Bourdon tube, dead-weight, bellows gauges.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental units of measurement used in science. This quiz covers dimensions such as mass, length, time, and temperature, along with concepts like density, force, pressure, work, power, and specific gravity. Challenge yourself to understand these essential principles for better grasp of physics and measurement.

More Like This

Scientific Concepts Quiz
3 questions

Scientific Concepts Quiz

SwiftTriumph avatar
SwiftTriumph
Physics Measurement and Motion Concepts
10 questions

Physics Measurement and Motion Concepts

MercifulIridium5125 avatar
MercifulIridium5125
Physics Measurement Units Quiz
32 questions

Physics Measurement Units Quiz

StaunchPlatinum avatar
StaunchPlatinum
CDS/CAPF 2025 Physics - Lecture 3: Units & Measurement
9 questions

CDS/CAPF 2025 Physics - Lecture 3: Units & Measurement

MotivatedSugilite5083 avatar
MotivatedSugilite5083
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser