Units and Measurements Basics

A standard measurement used to quantify a physical quantity.

Units derived from fundamental units by mathematical combinations.

A set of predefined units for various physical quantities.

The internationally accepted system of units.

The standard unit of length in the SI system.

The standard unit of mass in the SI system.

Solved, unsolved, and graded practice problems designed to solidify understanding.

A list of key concepts and definitions to aid in quick revision.

The ratio of the distance between the centroid of a cross-section and the neutral axis to the radius of gyration.

Structures designed to hold back large quantities of water.

Structures built to retain soil or earth, preventing it from sliding.

The pressure exerted by soil on a retaining wall when the wall is moving away from the soil.

The pressure exerted by soil on a retaining wall when the wall is moving towards the soil.

A method for calculating the deflection of a beam that involves integrating the bending moment equation twice.

A beam that is supported on both ends.

A beam that is fixed at one end and free at the other.

Anything raised to the power zero is always equal to one.

When multiplying numbers with the same base, add the powers together.

When dividing numbers with the same base, subtract the powers.

The unit for measuring work done, represented by 'N-m'.

The unit for measuring radians or revolutions.

The unit for measuring time, represented by 's'.

The unit for measuring mass, represented by 't'.

The unit for measuring force, represented by 'N'.

The amount of mass per unit volume of a substance. Measured in kg/m³.

The force applied per unit area. Measured in Pascals (Pa) which is equivalent to N/m².

The force acting on a unit area within a deformable material. Measured in Pascals (Pa).

The amount of work done per unit of time. Measured in Watts (W) which is equivalent to Joules per second (J/s).

The distance between two specific points engraved on a platinum-iridium bar kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. This length is defined at 0°C.

The amount of energy transferred when an object is moved a certain distance by a force. Measured in Joules (J).

The SI unit of force. Measured in Newtons (N), which is equivalent to kg * m/s².

An international organization responsible for defining and standardizing various units of weights and measures. Most countries are members including India.

The ratio of the change in length of a material due to an applied force, known as stress, to the original length.

The change in volume of a material divided by its original volume. Essentially, it measures how much a material expands or contracts in its volume.

This is the ratio of the lateral strain to the linear strain. It describes how much a material deforms (contracts or expands) in directions perpendicular to the applied force (stress).

A material constant that measures the resistance of a material to compression. It's the ratio of stress to volumetric strain.

The force applied perpendicular to a surface. It is often measured in units of pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi).

This is the ratio of shear stress to shear strain. It essentially measures how much a material deforms (twists or shifts) in response to an applied shear stress.

The stresses experienced by a body at a point in a given direction. These are stresses that act perpendicular to a plane.

Planes within a material where the shear stress is zero, and only normal stresses act.

The change in a function's value with respect to a change in its input. It tells us the rate at which a function is changing.

The process of finding the derivative of a function. It involves determining the rate of change of the function.

A function is maximum or minimum when its derivative is equal to zero. This helps find critical points where the function reaches its highest or lowest values.

The process of finding the original function given its derivative. This is the reverse of differentiation.

The integral of a function represents the area under its curve. It is calculated by adding up the infinitesimal areas under the curve.

The symbol used to denote integration. It indicates the process of finding the integral of a function.

To integrate a power of x, you add one to the power and divide by the new power. This is a fundamental rule for integrating polynomial functions.

To integrate a constant, you multiply the constant by x. It is a simple rule for integrating constant terms.