United States Court System Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the US Supreme Court?

  • A statutory court
  • A court of original jurisdiction
  • A trial court
  • A court of appellate jurisdiction (correct)

    • What is the highest form of law in the United States?

  • Common law
  • Case law
  • Constitutional law (correct)
  • Statutory law

    • What is the most significant power exercised by the Supreme Court?

  • Executive power
  • Judicial review (correct)
  • Judicial activism
  • Legislative power

    • What is the minimum number of electors required to be elected president?

    <p>270</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many departments serve under the president's cabinet?

    <p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)?

    <p>Creation of the president's annual budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the head of the Department of Justice?

    <p>The Attorney General</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who appoints the Chair of the Federal Reserve Board?

    <p>The President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the National Security Council?

    <p>Advising the president on foreign policy and national security issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who chairs the National Security Council?

    <p>The President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did President Franklin Roosevelt play in initiating the New Deal?

    <p>Party Leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the government is specifically described in Article III of the US Constitution?

    <p>Judicial Branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concept behind the Supremacy Clause in the US Constitution?

    <p>National laws are more powerful than state laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legislative committees include members from both the House of Representatives and the Senate?

    <p>Joint Committees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a filibuster in the legislative process?

    <p>To obstruct the passage of a bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amendment to the US Constitution shifted the power to elect senators from state legislatures to popular elections?

    <p>17th Amendment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Congress in relation to the executive branch through Congressional Oversight?

    <p>Checking the executive branch's compliance with laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which president issued the most vetoes during his tenure in office?

    <p>Franklin D. Roosevelt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pork barrel' refer to in the context of Congressional legislation?

    <p>Appropriation of federal funds for congressional district projects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the US Senate, how are senators elected?

    <p>Through popular elections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the trial courts in the federal court system?

    <p>To serve as a court of original jurisdiction for most cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the landmark case Marbury v. Madison?

    <p>It established the principle of judicial review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Chair of the Federal Reserve Board?

    <p>To manage and supervise the US economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electors are needed to win a presidential election?

    <p>Exactly 270 electors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Attorney General?

    <p>To head the Department of Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Office of Management and Budget?

    <p>To create the President's annual budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the concept of 'dual court system'?

    <p>It refers to the system of federal and state courts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the National Security Council?

    <p>To advise the President on foreign policy and national security issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many departments serve under the President's cabinet?

    <p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the concept of 'statutory powers'?

    <p>They are powers granted to the President by Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the US Supreme Court play during Franklin Roosevelt's administration?

    <p>Broadened the president's authority over foreign affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body is responsible for ensuring national laws prevail over conflicting state laws?

    <p>The US Supreme Court</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of the Joint Committees in Congress?

    <p>Including members from both chambers of Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of selecting committees in Congress?

    <p>Addressing policy issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Congressional processes, what role does an ombudsperson play?

    <p>Advocating for constituents with bureaucratic issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Founders of the United States primarily aim to achieve when structuring Congress?

    <p>Creating a legislature to check the power of the President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a filibuster in the legislative process?

    <p>To prevent the passage of a bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes the process by which Congress ensures the executive branch administers laws according to legislative intentions?

    <p>Congressional Oversight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the success of a congressional campaign?

    <p>The incumbent's role in legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the US Code?

    <p>Compilation of all laws passed by the US Congress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an ombudsperson play when advocating on behalf of a constituent with a bureaucratic agency?

    <p>Advocating for individual constituents' interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which government body is primarily responsible for checking the executive branch to ensure laws are implemented according to legislative intentions?

    <p>Congressional Oversight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a successful congressional campaign, what is the most important determinant?

    <p>Candidate's incumbency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the 17th Amendment to the US Constitution?

    <p>It shifted the power to elect senators from state legislatures to popular elections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bill traditionally serves as a means for legislators to allocate funds to special projects within their congressional districts?

    <p>Transportation Bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amendment to the US Constitution granted women the right to vote?

    <p>19th Amendment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the role of a chief of state in the US government primarily involve?

    <p>Ceremonial and symbolic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of standing committees in the US Congress?

    <p>Address a specific policy issue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Supremacy Clause in the US Constitution?

    <p>To declare federal laws as superior to state laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which legislative term refers to the appropriation of federal funds by members of Congress for projects in their districts?

    <p>Pork Barrel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

    <p>It granted the US Supreme Court its most significant power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)?

    <p>Creating the president's annual budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the US court system, which court primarily acts as a court of appellate jurisdiction?

    <p>Federal Court of Appeals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the National Security Council in advising the president?

    <p>Foreign policy and national security issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electors are necessary for a presidential candidate to secure from the Electoral College to win the presidential election?

    <p>270 electors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body serves as the main court of original jurisdiction for MOST cases in the federal court system?

    <p>District Courts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary responsibility of the Chair of the Federal Reserve Board?

    <p>Managing the US economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many departments serve under the president's cabinet?

    <p>15 departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest form of law in the United States?

    <p>Constitutional law</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the chair of the National Security Council?

    <p>Advises the president on foreign policy and national security issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'Pork Barrel' refer to in the context of US Congress?

    <p>The appropriation of federal funds by congressional legislators for projects in their own districts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the President of the United States as the 'Chief Diplomat'?

    <p>To negotiate treaties and represent the US in foreign affairs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a 'Joint Committee' in the US Congress?

    <p>To include members from both chambers of Congress for specific legislative purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the US government is primarily described in Article III of the US Constitution?

    <p>Judicial Branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legislative term refers to a procedural move that attempts to halt the passage of a bill?

    <p>Filibuster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 17th Amendment to the US Constitution?

    <p>It shifted the power to elect senators from state legislatures to popular elections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does an 'Ombudsperson' play in the US political context?

    <p>Acting as a mediator between constituents and bureaucratic agencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following branches of government is responsible for ensuring that national laws take precedence over conflicting state laws?

    <p>Judicial Branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most ceremonial and symbolic role of the US President?

    <p>Chief of State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bill is traditionally used by legislators to allocate funds to special projects within their congressional districts?

    <p>Transportation Bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the US Supreme Court's power of judicial review?

    <p>To determine the constitutionality of laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many departments serve under the President's cabinet?

    <p>15 departments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who appoints the Chair of the Federal Reserve Board, and what is their role?

    <p>Appointed by the President and supervises the US economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article of the US Constitution specifically describes the Supreme Court's functions and powers?

    <p>Article III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the federal court system, where do most cases begin?

    <p>District or Trial Courts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for creating the President's annual budget?

    <p>Office of Management and Budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core function of the Electoral College in the US presidential election process?

    <p>Elect the President and Vice President</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the National Security Council play in advising the President?

    <p>Advises on foreign policy and national security matters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central role of the Attorney General in the US government?

    <p>Leadership over the Department of Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many electors from the Electoral College are needed for a presidential candidate to secure to win the election?

    <p>270 electors</p> Signup and view all the answers

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