United States Court System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the US Supreme Court?

  • A statutory court
  • A court of original jurisdiction
  • A trial court
  • A court of appellate jurisdiction (correct)

What is the highest form of law in the United States?

  • Common law
  • Case law
  • Constitutional law (correct)
  • Statutory law

What is the most significant power exercised by the Supreme Court?

  • Executive power
  • Judicial review (correct)
  • Judicial activism
  • Legislative power

What is the minimum number of electors required to be elected president?

<p>270 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many departments serve under the president's cabinet?

<p>15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)?

<p>Creation of the president's annual budget (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the head of the Department of Justice?

<p>The Attorney General (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who appoints the Chair of the Federal Reserve Board?

<p>The President (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the National Security Council?

<p>Advising the president on foreign policy and national security issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who chairs the National Security Council?

<p>The President (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did President Franklin Roosevelt play in initiating the New Deal?

<p>Party Leader (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the government is specifically described in Article III of the US Constitution?

<p>Judicial Branch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept behind the Supremacy Clause in the US Constitution?

<p>National laws are more powerful than state laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legislative committees include members from both the House of Representatives and the Senate?

<p>Joint Committees (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a filibuster in the legislative process?

<p>To obstruct the passage of a bill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment to the US Constitution shifted the power to elect senators from state legislatures to popular elections?

<p>17th Amendment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Congress in relation to the executive branch through Congressional Oversight?

<p>Checking the executive branch's compliance with laws (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which president issued the most vetoes during his tenure in office?

<p>Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pork barrel' refer to in the context of Congressional legislation?

<p>Appropriation of federal funds for congressional district projects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the US Senate, how are senators elected?

<p>Through popular elections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the trial courts in the federal court system?

<p>To serve as a court of original jurisdiction for most cases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the landmark case Marbury v. Madison?

<p>It established the principle of judicial review (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Chair of the Federal Reserve Board?

<p>To manage and supervise the US economy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electors are needed to win a presidential election?

<p>Exactly 270 electors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Attorney General?

<p>To head the Department of Justice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Office of Management and Budget?

<p>To create the President's annual budget (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the concept of 'dual court system'?

<p>It refers to the system of federal and state courts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the National Security Council?

<p>To advise the President on foreign policy and national security issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many departments serve under the President's cabinet?

<p>15 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the concept of 'statutory powers'?

<p>They are powers granted to the President by Congress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did the US Supreme Court play during Franklin Roosevelt's administration?

<p>Broadened the president's authority over foreign affairs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body is responsible for ensuring national laws prevail over conflicting state laws?

<p>The US Supreme Court (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the Joint Committees in Congress?

<p>Including members from both chambers of Congress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of selecting committees in Congress?

<p>Addressing policy issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Congressional processes, what role does an ombudsperson play?

<p>Advocating for constituents with bureaucratic issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Founders of the United States primarily aim to achieve when structuring Congress?

<p>Creating a legislature to check the power of the President (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a filibuster in the legislative process?

<p>To prevent the passage of a bill (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept describes the process by which Congress ensures the executive branch administers laws according to legislative intentions?

<p>Congressional Oversight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the success of a congressional campaign?

<p>The incumbent's role in legislation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the US Code?

<p>Compilation of all laws passed by the US Congress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does an ombudsperson play when advocating on behalf of a constituent with a bureaucratic agency?

<p>Advocating for individual constituents' interests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which government body is primarily responsible for checking the executive branch to ensure laws are implemented according to legislative intentions?

<p>Congressional Oversight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a successful congressional campaign, what is the most important determinant?

<p>Candidate's incumbency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the 17th Amendment to the US Constitution?

<p>It shifted the power to elect senators from state legislatures to popular elections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bill traditionally serves as a means for legislators to allocate funds to special projects within their congressional districts?

<p>Transportation Bill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment to the US Constitution granted women the right to vote?

<p>19th Amendment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the role of a chief of state in the US government primarily involve?

<p>Ceremonial and symbolic functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of standing committees in the US Congress?

<p>Address a specific policy issue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Supremacy Clause in the US Constitution?

<p>To declare federal laws as superior to state laws (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which legislative term refers to the appropriation of federal funds by members of Congress for projects in their districts?

<p>Pork Barrel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

<p>It granted the US Supreme Court its most significant power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)?

<p>Creating the president's annual budget (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the US court system, which court primarily acts as a court of appellate jurisdiction?

<p>Federal Court of Appeals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the National Security Council in advising the president?

<p>Foreign policy and national security issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electors are necessary for a presidential candidate to secure from the Electoral College to win the presidential election?

<p>270 electors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body serves as the main court of original jurisdiction for MOST cases in the federal court system?

<p>District Courts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary responsibility of the Chair of the Federal Reserve Board?

<p>Managing the US economy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many departments serve under the president's cabinet?

<p>15 departments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest form of law in the United States?

<p>Constitutional law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the chair of the National Security Council?

<p>Advises the president on foreign policy and national security issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'Pork Barrel' refer to in the context of US Congress?

<p>The appropriation of federal funds by congressional legislators for projects in their own districts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the President of the United States as the 'Chief Diplomat'?

<p>To negotiate treaties and represent the US in foreign affairs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 'Joint Committee' in the US Congress?

<p>To include members from both chambers of Congress for specific legislative purposes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the US government is primarily described in Article III of the US Constitution?

<p>Judicial Branch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legislative term refers to a procedural move that attempts to halt the passage of a bill?

<p>Filibuster (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 17th Amendment to the US Constitution?

<p>It shifted the power to elect senators from state legislatures to popular elections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does an 'Ombudsperson' play in the US political context?

<p>Acting as a mediator between constituents and bureaucratic agencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following branches of government is responsible for ensuring that national laws take precedence over conflicting state laws?

<p>Judicial Branch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most ceremonial and symbolic role of the US President?

<p>Chief of State (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bill is traditionally used by legislators to allocate funds to special projects within their congressional districts?

<p>Transportation Bill (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the US Supreme Court's power of judicial review?

<p>To determine the constitutionality of laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many departments serve under the President's cabinet?

<p>15 departments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who appoints the Chair of the Federal Reserve Board, and what is their role?

<p>Appointed by the President and supervises the US economy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the US Constitution specifically describes the Supreme Court's functions and powers?

<p>Article III (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the federal court system, where do most cases begin?

<p>District or Trial Courts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for creating the President's annual budget?

<p>Office of Management and Budget (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core function of the Electoral College in the US presidential election process?

<p>Elect the President and Vice President (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the National Security Council play in advising the President?

<p>Advises on foreign policy and national security matters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central role of the Attorney General in the US government?

<p>Leadership over the Department of Justice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electors from the Electoral College are needed for a presidential candidate to secure to win the election?

<p>270 electors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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