United States Congress: Powers and Membership Requirements

Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, consisting of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. It was established by the U.S. Constitution in 1789 to make and pass federal laws. This article will discuss the powers of Congress and the requirements for becoming a member of this important body.

Powers of Congress

The United States Constitution grants Congress specific powers, which are known as enumerated powers. These include:

Legislative Power

Congress has the power to make all laws that are necessary and proper for carrying out its other duties under the Constitution. It can legislate directly by passing bills into law, which becomes effective once signed by the President, or after a veto override.

Taxing and Spending

Congress has the power to levy taxes and regulate commerce with foreign nations, among states, and with the Indian tribes. This includes the authority to approve budgets and fund various programs through appropriations.

Declaring War

Under Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the United States Constitution, only Congress has the power to declare war. All military actions must be authorized by a declaration of war, a specific statutory authorization, or a national emergency created by the President.

Regulating Commerce

Congress can regulate commerce among the several states, which allows it to create laws regarding interstate trade and commerce. This includes regulating the transportation of goods across state lines and ensuring fair business practices.

Other Powers

Congress has other powers, including regulating the military and the postal service, coin money, and declare laws to govern U.S. territories and territories of foreign nations subject to the U.S. jurisdiction.

Requirements to Become a Member of Congress

To become a member of Congress, one must:

1. Be a U.S. citizen, at least 25 years old, and have lived in the United States for at least 7 years.
2. Be elected by the qualified voters of a congressional district, or in the case of the Senate, by the qualified voters of a state.
3. If a member of the House, the individual must be at least 25 years old, and if a member of the Senate, at least 30 years old.
4. If a member of the House, the individual must reside in the state they are representing, and if a member of the Senate, in the state they are representing.

These requirements ensure that only qualified individuals with a deep understanding of their constituents' needs and rights can represent them in Congress.