United Nations Quiz

<p>Maintaining peace and security (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security Council (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Numerous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Italian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 permanent and 10 elected members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functions as a banker for central banks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>World Trade Organization (WTO) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It applied GATT rules to services and intellectual property. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ten times a year (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction of tariffs among industrial countries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote international monetary cooperation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International Monetary Fund (IMF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was dissolved due to evolving economic conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$35 per ounce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UN Women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help rebuild countries after World War II. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eradicating poverty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International Development Association (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hard loans at market interest rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maturities of up to 40 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exclusively addresses private risk ventures in developing countries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By insuring eligible projects against certain risks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loans provided only to sound borrowers at market interest rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic recessions in numerous national economies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There was a flight of capital from uncertain investments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Injections of capital into national economies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often requires countries to enact unpopular economic reforms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People may behave recklessly due to safety nets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pakistan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High inflation rates and economic challenges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Privatization and deregulation measures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Administering WTO trade agreements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 90% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opening markets to fair competition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce agricultural subsidies in developed countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its members are mostly developed countries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incompatible trade policies of member countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The United Nations (UN) is a global organization established in 1945, following World War II, with 193 member states as of 2002.

The primary goal of the UN is to prevent future wars and promote international peace and security.

The UN operates through five main bodies: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, and the Secretariat.

The General Assembly is a forum for all UN member-nations to discuss international issues, including peace and security.

Each nation in the General Assembly has one vote, regardless of its size, wealth, or power.

The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security, with 15 members, including 5 permanent members: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The Security Council has 10 elected members serving two-year terms, and its decisions are legally binding for all UN members.

The UN's work includes promoting sustainable development, protecting human rights, delivering humanitarian aid, and upholding international law.

The World Bank Group is a collection of five development institutions focused on aiding developing countries. It was originally focused on "reconstruction" after WWII but shifted towards development with a strong emphasis on infrastructure.

The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is a part of the World Bank Group that invests in developing countries, specifically in private companies and financial institutions.

The International Development Association (IDA) is a part of the World Bank Group that provides low-interest loans with long repayment terms, dedicated to helping the world's poorest countries.

Hard loans are given by the World Bank at market interest rates with typical repayment terms, and are only provided to countries deemed financially sound.

Soft loans are offered by the International Development Association (IDA) with highly favorable terms, including long repayment periods (up to 40 years) and lower interest rates.

The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) encourages foreign investment in developing countries by offering guarantees against risks like currency exchange issues, expropriation, and political unrest.

The World Bank is the largest source of development assistance, providing both hard and soft loans to developing countries.

The World Bank Group's primary goal is the eradication of poverty.

An agreement signed in 1944 by 44 countries, aiming to stabilize the global economy after World War II. Key features include a fixed exchange rate system pegged to the US dollar and gold, fostering international monetary cooperation and minimizing currency risk.

A system where currencies are fixed to a specific value, often against gold or another currency. For example, the Bretton Woods system pegged the US dollar to gold.

The process of converting one currency into another at a specific rate, reflecting their relative values. These rates can fluctuate based on market forces.

An international organization established after World War II, primarily focusing on financial stability and providing loans to developing nations.

A global financial institution founded after World War II with a focus on poverty reduction. They primarily provide loans and technical assistance to less developed countries.

The period after World War II, marked by widespread economic recovery and growth. It also saw the establishment of international organizations like the IMF and World Bank.

The dismantling of the Bretton Woods system in 1971. This occurred due to evolving global economics where fixed exchange rates became unsustainable for many nations.

A concept where countries cooperate on managing international financial affairs to prevent instability and minimize currency risk.

A financial crisis that originated in the United States in 2008, characterized by a decline in housing prices, widespread defaults on mortgages, and a global contraction of credit and trade.

A practice where risky mortgages were bundled together and sold as investment assets, contributing to the 2008 financial crisis.

The sudden withdrawal of investments from a country or market, often triggered by economic instability or fear.

Measures taken by governments, the IMF, and World Bank to address the 2008 financial crisis, including injecting money into economies and providing financial assistance to countries.

Conditions imposed by the IMF on countries receiving loans, often requiring economic reforms and austerity measures.

The theory that individuals behave recklessly when they know they will be bailed out in case of failure, potentially encouraging risky behavior.

The argument that the IMF has become too powerful in dictating economic policies to countries seeking its loans.

A situation where a country's debt level is high relative to its gross domestic product (GDP), often associated with economic instability.

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is a financial institution established in 1930. It serves as a central hub for international monetary cooperation and financial stability. The BIS facilitates discussions among major central banks, provides research and analysis on global financial markets, and acts as a banker for central banks.

The BIS plays a pivotal role in fostering cooperation among central banks, acting as a forum for them to discuss global economic and financial issues. The BIS also facilitates research and analysis on global financial markets to provide valuable insights and support informed decision making.

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was established in 1947 to regulate international trade and reduce trade barriers. It has been replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO).

The WTO is a global organization that oversees trade rules, aiming to ensure a level playing field for countries engaged in international trade. It works to reduce trade barriers and resolve trade disputes between nations.

The Uruguay Round of trade negotiations, concluded in 1994, was a major landmark in global trade. It led to the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and expanded the scope of trade rules to include new areas such as agriculture, services, and intellectual property.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade and encourages the reduction of trade barriers. It works to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.

The WTO has over 164 member countries, representing over 90% of global trade. This means its decisions and agreements have a significant impact on international trade.

The WTO is responsible for administering existing trade agreements, acting as a forum for trade negotiations, handling trade disputes, monitoring national trade policies, providing technical assistance, and training developing countries.

The Doha Development Agenda, started in 2001, aimed to reduce agricultural subsidies in developed countries, slash tariffs for developing countries, free up trade in services, and strengthen intellectual property protection.

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental organization of 38 member countries, primarily composed of developed economies. It aims to promote economic growth and well-being, particularly through international cooperation.

The OECD's origins can be traced back to the Marshall Plan, a post-World War II initiative to aid European recovery. The organization's headquarters are located in Paris, France.

The OECD conducts research and provides information on economic and social activities within its member countries. It also serves as a platform where member-governments can discuss economic and social policies.