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Questions and Answers
The human body has ______ bones.
206
Bones can be classified by their shape into ______ categories.
four
The Haversian system contains ______ that house osteocytes.
lacunae
The matrix contains chiefly of collagen, mucopolysaccharides, and lipids, and deposits of inorganic ______ salts.
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The function of bones includes providing a framework for the body, ______, and movement.
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There should be a night lamp and “arinola” for the elderly who are at high risk for bone fractures ______ AND HORMONES THAT AFFECT BONE GROWTH AND METABOLISM
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______ AND PHOSPHORUS in altered levels, calcitonin and PTH work to maintain equilibrium
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Before, it was not known that parathyroid is attached to the ______
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______ is stimulated Inversely proportional relationship
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Decrease in vit D results to osteomalacia in ______
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Study Notes
Care of Clients with Bone Problems
- Elderly individuals at high risk for bone fractures should use a night lamp and "arinola" to prevent accidents.
Minerals and Hormones Affecting Bone Growth and Metabolism
- Calcium and phosphorus levels are regulated by calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) to maintain equilibrium.
- Decreased serum calcium levels stimulate PTH, which increases calcium levels by promoting osteoclastic activity.
- Calcitonin decreases calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus.
- Vitamin D and its metabolites promote calcium and phosphorus absorption from the gut, enhance PTH activity, and increase bone calcium release.
- Decreased vitamin D levels can lead to osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
Physiologic Overview of Bones
- The human body has 206 bones, classified into four categories: long, short, flat, and irregular bones.
- Bones are composed of a cortex, medulla, and Haversian system, with trabeculae containing red and yellow marrow.
- The Haversian system contains lacunae housing osteocytes, and Volkmann's canal connects bone marrow vessels with the Haversian system and periosteum.
Bone Cells and Matrix
- Osteogenic cells differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells).
- The bone matrix contains collagen, mucopolysaccharides, lipids, and inorganic calcium salts, providing hardness to the bone.
Functions of Bones
- Bones provide a framework for the body, allowing weight-bearing and upright posture.
- They support surrounding tissues, assist in movement, and protect vital organs.
- Bones manufacture blood cells in red bone marrow and store mineral salts (calcium and phosphorus).
Bone Growth and Metabolism
- After puberty, bone reaches maturity and maximal growth, with a continuous process of formation and resorption until age 35.
- In later years, bone resorption accelerates, decreasing bone mass and predisposing clients to injury.
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Description
Explore the physiologic overview of caring for clients with problems in perception and coordination, focusing on the classification of bones in the human body based on shape and structure. Learn about the different categories like long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.
