Podcast
Questions and Answers
The human body has ______ bones.
The human body has ______ bones.
206
Bones can be classified by their shape into ______ categories.
Bones can be classified by their shape into ______ categories.
four
The Haversian system contains ______ that house osteocytes.
The Haversian system contains ______ that house osteocytes.
lacunae
The matrix contains chiefly of collagen, mucopolysaccharides, and lipids, and deposits of inorganic ______ salts.
The matrix contains chiefly of collagen, mucopolysaccharides, and lipids, and deposits of inorganic ______ salts.
The function of bones includes providing a framework for the body, ______, and movement.
The function of bones includes providing a framework for the body, ______, and movement.
There should be a night lamp and “arinola” for the elderly who are at high risk for bone fractures ______ AND HORMONES THAT AFFECT BONE GROWTH AND METABOLISM
There should be a night lamp and “arinola” for the elderly who are at high risk for bone fractures ______ AND HORMONES THAT AFFECT BONE GROWTH AND METABOLISM
______ AND PHOSPHORUS in altered levels, calcitonin and PTH work to maintain equilibrium
______ AND PHOSPHORUS in altered levels, calcitonin and PTH work to maintain equilibrium
Before, it was not known that parathyroid is attached to the ______
Before, it was not known that parathyroid is attached to the ______
______ is stimulated Inversely proportional relationship
______ is stimulated Inversely proportional relationship
Decrease in vit D results to osteomalacia in ______
Decrease in vit D results to osteomalacia in ______
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Study Notes
Care of Clients with Bone Problems
- Elderly individuals at high risk for bone fractures should use a night lamp and "arinola" to prevent accidents.
Minerals and Hormones Affecting Bone Growth and Metabolism
- Calcium and phosphorus levels are regulated by calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) to maintain equilibrium.
- Decreased serum calcium levels stimulate PTH, which increases calcium levels by promoting osteoclastic activity.
- Calcitonin decreases calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption and increasing renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus.
- Vitamin D and its metabolites promote calcium and phosphorus absorption from the gut, enhance PTH activity, and increase bone calcium release.
- Decreased vitamin D levels can lead to osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
Physiologic Overview of Bones
- The human body has 206 bones, classified into four categories: long, short, flat, and irregular bones.
- Bones are composed of a cortex, medulla, and Haversian system, with trabeculae containing red and yellow marrow.
- The Haversian system contains lacunae housing osteocytes, and Volkmann's canal connects bone marrow vessels with the Haversian system and periosteum.
Bone Cells and Matrix
- Osteogenic cells differentiate into osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells).
- The bone matrix contains collagen, mucopolysaccharides, lipids, and inorganic calcium salts, providing hardness to the bone.
Functions of Bones
- Bones provide a framework for the body, allowing weight-bearing and upright posture.
- They support surrounding tissues, assist in movement, and protect vital organs.
- Bones manufacture blood cells in red bone marrow and store mineral salts (calcium and phosphorus).
Bone Growth and Metabolism
- After puberty, bone reaches maturity and maximal growth, with a continuous process of formation and resorption until age 35.
- In later years, bone resorption accelerates, decreasing bone mass and predisposing clients to injury.
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