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Questions and Answers
Who formulated the Dalton model of the atom?
Who formulated the Dalton model of the atom?
Thomson's experiment on cathode ray tube showed that electrons have a positive charge.
Thomson's experiment on cathode ray tube showed that electrons have a positive charge.
False
What was the significance of Rutherford's model of the atom?
What was the significance of Rutherford's model of the atom?
Rutherford's model introduced the concept of a small, dense nucleus at the center of the atom.
Thomson's experiment on cathode ray tube involved the use of a _______________________ tube.
Thomson's experiment on cathode ray tube involved the use of a _______________________ tube.
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Which model of the atom is also known as the planetary model?
Which model of the atom is also known as the planetary model?
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Dalton's model of the atom assumes that atoms are indivisible.
Dalton's model of the atom assumes that atoms are indivisible.
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Match the following scientists with their contributions:
Match the following scientists with their contributions:
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What was the purpose of Thomson's experiment on cathode ray tube?
What was the purpose of Thomson's experiment on cathode ray tube?
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What is the term for a substance that contains only one type of atom?
What is the term for a substance that contains only one type of atom?
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A compound is a type of mixture.
A compound is a type of mixture.
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What is the difference between an element and a compound?
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
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A substance that contains two or more different elements is called a _______________________.
A substance that contains two or more different elements is called a _______________________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the term for a physical blend of two or more substances?
What is the term for a physical blend of two or more substances?
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All compounds are mixtures.
All compounds are mixtures.
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Which scientist is known for the gold foil experiment?
Which scientist is known for the gold foil experiment?
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What is the difference between the number of atoms and the number of molecules in a substance?
What is the difference between the number of atoms and the number of molecules in a substance?
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Elements in the same group have different valence electrons.
Elements in the same group have different valence electrons.
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What is the term for the electrons that participate in chemical reactions?
What is the term for the electrons that participate in chemical reactions?
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Elements in the same period have the same _______________.
Elements in the same period have the same _______________.
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Which category of elements includes Sulphur and Silver?
Which category of elements includes Sulphur and Silver?
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Match the following elements with their respective categories:
Match the following elements with their respective categories:
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The atomic radius of an atom decreases as you move from left to right across a period.
The atomic radius of an atom decreases as you move from left to right across a period.
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The most active non-metal is _______________.
The most active non-metal is _______________.
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Study Notes
Classification of Matter
- Matter can be classified into three categories: elements, compounds, and mixtures
- Elements are substances that consist of only one type of atom, e.g. hydrogen, oxygen, carbon
- Compounds are substances that consist of two or more different elements, e.g. water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Mixtures are substances that consist of two or more different elements or compounds, but are not chemically combined, e.g. air, soil
Atomic Structure
- Dalton model: atoms are indivisible and cannot be broken down into smaller particles
- Thomson model: atoms consist of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons
- Rutherford model: atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons, with most of the atom's mass concentrated in the nucleus
- Bohr-Rutherford model: atoms consist of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons in specific energy levels or shells
Experiments
- Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment: demonstrated the existence of electrons and their negative charge
- Rutherford's gold foil experiment: demonstrated the existence of a small, dense nucleus in an atom and the concept of atomic structure
Periodic Table
- Elements in the same group/family have similar characteristics because they have the same number of valence electrons
- Elements in the same period have different characteristics because they have different numbers of valence electrons
- The periodic table is organized into groups (1-8) and periods (1-7)
- The table can be divided into different sections, including:
- Metals (left side and center of the table)
- Non-metals (right side of the table)
- Halogens (Group 7)
- Noble gases (Group 8)
- Alkaline metals (Group 1)
- Alkaline earth metals (Group 2)
- Lanthanides (below the main table)
- Actinides (below the main table)
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of matter, including elements, compounds, and mixtures. It's designed for chemistry students to test their understanding of the nature of matter.
