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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of air pollution in poor and developing countries?
What is the primary cause of air pollution in poor and developing countries?
- Automobile emissions
- Clouds of smoke from industrial facilities
- Excessive gases like carbon dioxide
- Burning of wood and crop leftovers (correct)
Which equipment is commonly used for controlling dust in industrial settings?
Which equipment is commonly used for controlling dust in industrial settings?
- Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP)
- Wet Scrubbers
- Bag filters (correct)
- Gravity Settlers
What type of sources are automobiles, aquatic vessels, and planes in relation to air pollution?
What type of sources are automobiles, aquatic vessels, and planes in relation to air pollution?
- Controlled burning sources
- Immobile sources
- Natural sources
- Artificial (Man-made) sources (correct)
Which emission control method specifically targets reducing nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions?
Which emission control method specifically targets reducing nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions?
What is the chief type of air pollution caused by the combustion of various fuels?
What is the chief type of air pollution caused by the combustion of various fuels?
Which of the following is a primary feature of noise pollution?
Which of the following is a primary feature of noise pollution?
What is a major source of particulate pollutants in the air?
What is a major source of particulate pollutants in the air?
What is a potential health complication of air pollution?
What is a potential health complication of air pollution?
What is a consequence of the increase in temperatures worldwide?
What is a consequence of the increase in temperatures worldwide?
What happens when fuels are incinerated?
What happens when fuels are incinerated?
Why is it necessary to take action to protect the environment?
Why is it necessary to take action to protect the environment?
What is a type of air pollutant that exists in a gaseous state at standard temperatures and pressures?
What is a type of air pollutant that exists in a gaseous state at standard temperatures and pressures?
What is the primary effect of odour on people, similar to noise pollution?
What is the primary effect of odour on people, similar to noise pollution?
What may happen to weak odour in the presence of a strong odour?
What may happen to weak odour in the presence of a strong odour?
What can the constant intensity of odour lead to, as per the text?
What can the constant intensity of odour lead to, as per the text?
How might fatigue for one odour affect the perception of other odours?
How might fatigue for one odour affect the perception of other odours?
In what situation is an unfamiliar odour more likely to cause a complaint?
In what situation is an unfamiliar odour more likely to cause a complaint?
What is a characteristic mentioned in the text regarding odorous substances cancelling each other's smell?
What is a characteristic mentioned in the text regarding odorous substances cancelling each other's smell?
Why must the sensitivity of the odour sensory method be significantly greater for measuring ambient odour than for source odour emissions?
Why must the sensitivity of the odour sensory method be significantly greater for measuring ambient odour than for source odour emissions?
What method is preferred for measuring odour in mixtures of unknown substances?
What method is preferred for measuring odour in mixtures of unknown substances?
What does odour control depend on?
What does odour control depend on?
How can odour be suppressed from area sources according to the text?
How can odour be suppressed from area sources according to the text?
What is one of the odour control methods discussed for area sources?
What is one of the odour control methods discussed for area sources?
Why is measuring odour standardized for source emission air samples and for ambient air according to the given text?
Why is measuring odour standardized for source emission air samples and for ambient air according to the given text?
What is the term commonly used to refer to emissions caused by seal leaks, condensation, and overall gas system inefficiencies?
What is the term commonly used to refer to emissions caused by seal leaks, condensation, and overall gas system inefficiencies?
Which of the following is a common method of controlling condensable contaminants in gas streams by transforming them into liquids?
Which of the following is a common method of controlling condensable contaminants in gas streams by transforming them into liquids?
What component is typically used in gas systems for its ability to remove contaminants by cooling them to temperatures below their dew point?
What component is typically used in gas systems for its ability to remove contaminants by cooling them to temperatures below their dew point?
Which factor plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness of condensation to remove compounds from a gas phase?
Which factor plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness of condensation to remove compounds from a gas phase?
Why might a standard shell and tube design condenser be ineffective for gas streams containing compounds that solidify at the operating temperature?
Why might a standard shell and tube design condenser be ineffective for gas streams containing compounds that solidify at the operating temperature?
What is the primary purpose of a shell and tube condenser in a gas system?
What is the primary purpose of a shell and tube condenser in a gas system?
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Study Notes
Odour Measurement and Control
- Odour in ambient air is usually lower in intensity than at source due to atmospheric dilution.
- Odour sensory method must be more sensitive for measuring ambient odour than source odour emissions.
- Odour strength can be reliably estimated by measuring the concentration of known compounds, while sensory methods are preferred for mixtures of unknown substances.
- Measurement of odour is standardized for source emission air samples, ambient air at the property line, and in the community.
- Three basic odour limits may be incorporated for compliance determining criteria: ambient odour concentration limits, ambient odour intensity limits, and source emission odour concentration limits.
Odour Control Technologies
- Odour control depends on the type of sources.
- Methods for controlling odour from area sources include: excluding development close to the site, ensuring best management practices, and using nozzles, sprayers, and atomizers to suppress odours.
Air Pollution
- Air pollution is the introduction of pollutants, organic molecules, or other unsafe materials into Earth's atmosphere.
- Types of air pollution include man-made (artificial) sources and natural sources.
- Man-made sources include the combustion of fuels, industrial facilities, waste furnaces, and incinerators.
- Natural sources include traditional biomass burning, controlled burning, and volcanic eruptions.
Effects of Air Pollution
- Air pollution can cause respiratory and cardiovascular complications, cancer, and other threats to human health.
- Global warming is a direct consequence of air pollution, leading to increased temperatures, sea levels, and melting of ice.
- Acid rain is another effect of air pollution, caused by the release of dangerous gases like NO2 and SO2.
Odour Characteristics
- Odour has distinctly different characteristics similar to noise pollution.
- Characteristics of odour include:
- Substances of similar or dissimilar chemical constitution may have similar odour.
- Nature and strength of odour may change on dilution.
- Weak odour is not perceived in the presence of strong odour.
- Odour of same strength blends to produce a combination in which one or both may be unrecognizable.
- Constant intensity of odour causes an individual to quickly lose awareness of the sensation and only notice when it varies in intensity.
Effects of Odour
- Odour affects human beings in a number of ways, interfering with their enjoyment of life.
- Strong, unpleasant or offensive smells can be frequent and/or persistent.
- Effects of odour include filling or displacement losses, emptying losses, and breathing losses, or collectively, working losses.
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