Unit-5: Air Pollution and Noise Pollution Control

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of air pollution in poor and developing countries?

Automobile emissions

Clouds of smoke from industrial facilities

Excessive gases like carbon dioxide

Burning of wood and crop leftovers (correct)

Which equipment is commonly used for controlling dust in industrial settings?

Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP)

Wet Scrubbers

Bag filters (correct)

Gravity Settlers

What type of sources are automobiles, aquatic vessels, and planes in relation to air pollution?

Controlled burning sources

Immobile sources

Natural sources

Artificial (Man-made) sources (correct)

Which emission control method specifically targets reducing nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions?

NOx control method Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief type of air pollution caused by the combustion of various fuels?

Suspended Particulate matter pollution Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary feature of noise pollution?

Excessive sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is a major source of particulate pollutants in the air?

Volcanic eruptions Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential health complication of air pollution?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of the increase in temperatures worldwide?

Increase in sea levels Signup and view all the answers

What happens when fuels are incinerated?

Dangerous gases like NO2 and SO2 are released Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to take action to protect the environment?

To prevent an imminent disaster Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of air pollutant that exists in a gaseous state at standard temperatures and pressures?

Gaseous pollutant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of odour on people, similar to noise pollution?

Triggering nuisance Signup and view all the answers

What may happen to weak odour in the presence of a strong odour?

It remains unnoticed Signup and view all the answers

What can the constant intensity of odour lead to, as per the text?

Quick loss of sensation awareness Signup and view all the answers

How might fatigue for one odour affect the perception of other odours?

Interfere with perception of similar odours Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is an unfamiliar odour more likely to cause a complaint?

Instead of a familiar one Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic mentioned in the text regarding odorous substances cancelling each other's smell?

Two or more substances can cancel each other Signup and view all the answers

Why must the sensitivity of the odour sensory method be significantly greater for measuring ambient odour than for source odour emissions?

Due to atmospheric dilution in the ambient air. Signup and view all the answers

What method is preferred for measuring odour in mixtures of unknown substances?

Sensory method / olfactometry. Signup and view all the answers

What does odour control depend on?

Type of sources emitting the odour. Signup and view all the answers

How can odour be suppressed from area sources according to the text?

Through the use of nozzles, sprayers, and atomizers spraying ultra-fine particles of water or chemicals. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the odour control methods discussed for area sources?

Ensuring that the operation is carried out under the best management practices. Signup and view all the answers

Why is measuring odour standardized for source emission air samples and for ambient air according to the given text?

To accurately assess compliance with odour determining criteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term commonly used to refer to emissions caused by seal leaks, condensation, and overall gas system inefficiencies?

Working losses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common method of controlling condensable contaminants in gas streams by transforming them into liquids?

Condensation Signup and view all the answers

What component is typically used in gas systems for its ability to remove contaminants by cooling them to temperatures below their dew point?

Condenser Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness of condensation to remove compounds from a gas phase?

Difference in the temperature between the gas streams Signup and view all the answers

Why might a standard shell and tube design condenser be ineffective for gas streams containing compounds that solidify at the operating temperature?

As these compounds crystallize, fouling heat transfer areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a shell and tube condenser in a gas system?

To provide a large surface area for heat transfer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Odour Measurement and Control

Odour in ambient air is usually lower in intensity than at source due to atmospheric dilution.
Odour sensory method must be more sensitive for measuring ambient odour than source odour emissions.
Odour strength can be reliably estimated by measuring the concentration of known compounds, while sensory methods are preferred for mixtures of unknown substances.
Measurement of odour is standardized for source emission air samples, ambient air at the property line, and in the community.
Three basic odour limits may be incorporated for compliance determining criteria: ambient odour concentration limits, ambient odour intensity limits, and source emission odour concentration limits.

Odour Control Technologies

Odour control depends on the type of sources.
Methods for controlling odour from area sources include: excluding development close to the site, ensuring best management practices, and using nozzles, sprayers, and atomizers to suppress odours.

Air Pollution

Air pollution is the introduction of pollutants, organic molecules, or other unsafe materials into Earth's atmosphere.
Types of air pollution include man-made (artificial) sources and natural sources.
Man-made sources include the combustion of fuels, industrial facilities, waste furnaces, and incinerators.
Natural sources include traditional biomass burning, controlled burning, and volcanic eruptions.

Effects of Air Pollution

Air pollution can cause respiratory and cardiovascular complications, cancer, and other threats to human health.
Global warming is a direct consequence of air pollution, leading to increased temperatures, sea levels, and melting of ice.
Acid rain is another effect of air pollution, caused by the release of dangerous gases like NO2 and SO2.

Odour Characteristics

Odour has distinctly different characteristics similar to noise pollution.
Characteristics of odour include:
- Substances of similar or dissimilar chemical constitution may have similar odour.
- Nature and strength of odour may change on dilution.
- Weak odour is not perceived in the presence of strong odour.
- Odour of same strength blends to produce a combination in which one or both may be unrecognizable.
- Constant intensity of odour causes an individual to quickly lose awareness of the sensation and only notice when it varies in intensity.

Effects of Odour

Odour affects human beings in a number of ways, interfering with their enjoyment of life.
Strong, unpleasant or offensive smells can be frequent and/or persistent.
Effects of odour include filling or displacement losses, emptying losses, and breathing losses, or collectively, working losses.

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Description

Learn about sources, types, and classification of air pollutants, as well as air pollution control equipment like Electrostatic Precipitators and Wet Scrubbers. Explore dust management, suspended particulate matter, emission control methods for SOx, NOX, and more. Additionally, discover the sources, causes, effects, and control methods of noise pollution.