Unit 4 Review: Beliefs, Civilizations, and Empires

• Unit 4 Review covers belief systems, civilizations, and the effects of the collapse of Classical Empires.

Belief Systems and Regions:

• Confucianism is associated with East Asia.
• Catholicism is associated with Western Europe.
• Islam is associated with the Middle East.
• Orthodox Christianity is associated with Eastern Europe.

Key Terms:

• Caliph: Definition needed (position or role).
• House of Wisdom: Definition needed (major goal).

Islam Sects:

• Sunni: Explanation of the sect needed.
• Shia: Explanation of the sect needed.

Post-Classical Map Identification:

• Identify the location of Constantinople, Abbasid Caliphate, Song Dynasty, and Sahara Desert, Byzantine Empire, Trans-Saharan Trade network, and Ghana Empire on the map.

Effects of Collapsed Classical Empires in Eurasia (600-1200 CE):

• Two effects.
• Fragmented
• Silk Roads
• Western Europe
• Arab Empire
• Eastern Europe
• Catholicism

Causes for the Split of Islam:

• Issue that caused Islam to split into two sects needs to be identified.

Causes of Increased Trans-Saharan Trade (600-1200 CE):

• The arrival of Arab merchants.
• The increased use of the camel.
• Improvements to the compass.
• The construction of an extensive road network across the Sahara.

Judaism:

• Key facts.

Factors Contributing to Increased Trans-Saharan Trade:

• Identify two factors that contributed to increased trade.

Characteristics of Western European Societies (600-1000 CE):

• Large numbers of peasants who lived on nobles' lands.
• A standardized currency used throughout Western Europe.
• A reduction in long-distance trade due to worsening infrastructure.
• The expansion of cities due to migration.

Chinese History Development Reflected in Document 1:

• Buddhism arrived in China for the first time in the Post-Classical period.
• China became a center for Buddhism in the Post-Classical period.
• Confucianism became more popular than Buddhism in the Post-Classical period.
• Buddhists were persecuted [deliberately harmed] in the Post-Classical period.

Description of China in the Post-Classical Period:

• China never reunited into a single state.
• China was reunited under new dynasties.
• The Han dynasty slowly declined throughout the period.
• The Chinese abandoned most of their traditions.

Valid Map Conclusions:

• Both Western and Eastern Europe Europe became politically fragmented.
• Both Western and Eastern Europe continued to dominated by large empires.
• Western Europe became politically fragmented, whereas Eastern Europe was still dominated by an Empire.
• Eastern Europe became politically fragmented, whereas Western Europe was still dominated by an Empire.

Effects of Kingdoms Producing Currencies:

• European kingdoms producing their own currencies made Europeans move into urban areas of Europe.
• European kingdoms producing their own currencies led to the political stability of Western Europe.
• European kingdoms producing their own currencies made trade easier because they each had their own money to exchange.
• European kingdoms producing their own currencies made trade trade harder because they had to find a way to exchange each other's coins.

Post-Classical European societies:

• In Post-Classical Europe societies were unequal, with peasants working the land of the nobles and often sharing their crop with them.
• In Post-Classical Europe societies were relatively equal because everyone served in the military to protect the empire.
• In Post-Classical Europe societies were relatively equal, with everyone farming and sharing land.

Population Decline from 0 CE to 600 CE:

• The nobles with their specialized military training commanded an army to push people out of the cities.
• Due to decreased government spending, people had to move away from cities to find work on farms.
• Because of the social hierarchy, only land owners were allowed to live in the city.
• The Catholic Church had dissenting views of people living in the city, which caused people to leave.

Similarities Between Islam and Christianity:

• Both religions are polytheistic and started in the middle east.
• Both religions appealed to the upper class of their social hierarchies.
• Both religions put their emphasis on the five pillars as its key beliefs.
• Both religions appealed to the poor.

Islam Description:

• It is a Monotheistic, Abrahamic, universalizing religion.
• It is a polytheistic, Abrahamic, universalizing religion.
• It is a polytheistic, Abrahamic, ethnic religion.
• It is a monotheistic, ethnic religion that started in South East Asia.

Islam Origins:

• Muhammad was a ______ whose teachings started the religion of Islam.
• People who follow the religion of Islam are called ______.

Pillars of Islam:

• One of the five pillars of truth is to take a ______ to Mecca.

Short Constructed Response:

• Explain two effects of the collapse of Classical Empires on Eurasia in 600-1200 CE.
• Should accurately answer the question.
• Should include at least one descriptive detail.

List 4 Examples of Collapse of Classical Empires:

• Collapse of Classical Empires affected early Post-Classical societies (600 CE – 1200 CE).