Unit 3: Multiple Choice
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary issue with many sustainability initiatives, according to Ehrenfeld?

  • They tend to bring temporary improvements while underlying issues remain unresolved. (correct)
  • They focus on long-term solutions.
  • They prioritize economic growth over ecological health.
  • They require significant technological advancements.

What does the 'shifting-the-burden' archetype refer to?

  • Prioritizing eco-efficiency over sustainable practices.
  • Implementing regulations that limit production capacity.
  • Focusing on technological fixes without addressing the root cause.
  • Addressing symptoms while neglecting the fundamental problem. (correct)

According to the content, what is an example of technohubris?

  • Promoting mass transit systems.
  • Building more efficient cars to reduce gas consumption. (correct)
  • Investing in renewable energy sources.
  • Reducing packaging materials in products.

What does Ehrenfeld advocate for in terms of sustainability?

<p>A holistic approach that considers interconnected systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Ehrenfeld believe technological solutions are often inadequate?

<p>They typically address only the symptoms of a problem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phrases does Ehrenfeld use to describe misplaced trust in technology?

<p>Technological hubris. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of initiatives like carbon trading and CO2 emission rates, according to the content?

<p>Temporary measures that distract from root causes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental change is often overlooked in sustainability efforts?

<p>Developing new forms of energy and reducing consumption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason why achieving sustainability is challenging, according to Ehrenfeld?

<p>Addressing symptoms instead of root causes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ehrenfeld identify as an issue with reductionist thinking?

<p>It ignores the complexity of problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the balancing loop example provided by Ehrenfeld, what immediate action is taken to resolve the problem of hunger?

<p>Eating more food. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the 'fixes-that-fail' archetype?

<p>New problems arise while addressing symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do companies commonly respond to environmental issues, according to Ehrenfeld?

<p>By improving recycling efforts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unintended consequence is associated with improving car fuel efficiency?

<p>Increased emissions due to driving more. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What holistic approach to sustainability does Ehrenfeld advocate for?

<p>Addressing root causes of problems. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Ehrenfeld suggest is often overlooked when companies focus on small improvements like recycling?

<p>The broader environmental impact of their products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'technohubris' in the context of sustainability?

<p>Overconfidence in technology's role in achieving sustainability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are 'fixes-that-fail' considered ineffective?

<p>They often lead to unintended side effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk of relying solely on technological solutions to sustainability?

<p>It can distract from fundamental systemic changes needed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of wicked problems in the context of sustainability?

<p>They often involve complex interdependencies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can systems thinking help prevent in sustainability efforts?

<p>Implementing superficial solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of 'shifting-the-burden' in sustainability discussions?

<p>Focusing on immediate symptoms rather than long-term causes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible outcome of using 'fixes-that-fail'?

<p>Temporary relief from symptoms can worsen the original issue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized for real sustainability improvements?

<p>Removing the underlying burdens altogether. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Superficial Problem-Solving

Focusing on symptoms rather than addressing the root causes of environmental issues.

Reductionist Thinking

Breaking down complex issues into smaller parts, potentially missing the interconnectedness and overall impact.

Balancing Loop

A loop where short-term actions alleviate immediate problems but fail to address underlying issues.

Fixes-That-Fail Archetype

Addressing symptoms leads to short-term improvement, but exacerbates the underlying problem in the long run.

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Shifting-the-Burden Archetype

Focusing on surface-level solutions distracts from fundamental changes needed for sustainability.

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Technohubris

Overconfidence in technology as a solution, neglecting cultural and systemic changes for sustainability.

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Sustainability (Ehrenfeld's View)

A holistic approach that emphasizes systemic change to achieve sustainability.

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Fixes-That-Fail

Solutions that address symptoms but lead to recurring issues and unintended consequences.

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Rebound Effect

Unintended consequences that negate the benefits of initial improvements.

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Systems Thinking

A way of understanding complex systems and avoiding the pitfalls of 'fixes-that-fail'.

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Wicked Problem

Problem which is very complex and has no simple or straightforward solution.

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Industrial Ecology

The study of the flows of materials and energy in industrial systems.

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Problem Amplification

When a solution to a problem makes the problem itself worse over time.

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Holistic Accounting

An approach that attempts to include the full environmental and social costs into decision-making.

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Zero-Sum Game

Improvements in one area that cause declines in another, resulting in no net gain.

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Dependency Creation

Actions taken to alleviate stress on a system, but actually weaken the system’s ability to solve its own problems over time.

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Tunnel Vision

Taking a narrow view of a problem, rather than looking at the bigger picture.

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Perverse Incentives

Rewards or incentives that encourage undesirable behavior or outcomes.

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Problem Displacement

Shifting a problem from one part of a system to another, rather than truly solving it.

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Technological Solutionism

Assuming that technological fixes alone can solve complex sustainability issues, without addressing underlying systemic problems.

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Tragedy of the Commons

The idea that if everyone acts in their own self-interest, the best outcome will result.

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Intervention Blindness

Attempting to change a situation without understanding the underlying dynamics.

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Type III Error

Solving a different problem than the one that truly needs to be solved.

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Over-determination

A situation where too many different factors are present to easily understand cause and effect.

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Study Notes

Ehrenfeld's Perspective on Sustainability Challenges

  • Sustainability remains elusive due to superficial problem-solving approaches, focusing on symptoms rather than root causes.
  • Reductionist thinking leads to separating complex issues into manageable parts, missing the overall impact and creating unsustainable solutions.
  • Industrial ecology examples reveal that small improvements, like recycling, often overlook broader environmental implications.

Causal Loops and Problem-Solving

  • Causal loops illustrate failures in current problem-solving behavior and identify unintended consequences arising from well-meaning actions.
  • Balancing Loop: Short-term actions (like eating to alleviate hunger) often fail to address deeper issues (such as dietary habits), paralleling business responses to environmental concerns.
  • Fixes-that-Fail Archetype: Addressing symptoms (e.g., improving fuel efficiency) can lead to exacerbated issues (e.g., increased emissions from higher vehicle usage), demonstrating that short-term improvements overlook underlying problems.
  • Shifting-the-Burden Archetype: Focus on symptoms (e.g., CO2 emissions) diverts attention from fundamental solutions, like transitioning to renewable energy, highlighting the flaw in surface-level strategies.
  • Technohubris: A reliance on technology to solve problems often distracts from deeper systemic changes needed for sustainable practices, risking continued unsustainable production and consumption patterns.

Defining Sustainability

  • Ehrenfeld promotes a holistic approach, emphasizing systemic change over mere reduction of negative impacts, challenging the misconception that reducing unsustainability equates to achieving sustainability.
  • "Technohubris" reflects overconfidence in technology as a panacea for complex issues, warning against neglecting the cultural and systemic transformations necessary for real sustainability.

Fixes that Fail and the Rebound Effect

  • The term "fixes-that-fail" describes cyclical approaches to problems, where addressing only symptoms leads to recurring issues and unintended consequences that can create new problems.
  • These ineffective solutions can also diminish the urgency to pursue fundamental changes, merely providing temporary relief.

Benefits of Systems Thinking

  • Systems thinking helps reveal undesirable consequences of actions and prevents "fixes-that-fail."
  • Recognizes that systems exist both within organizations and in broader society, highlighting the need to identify perverse incentives and shifting burdens.
  • Emphasizes that meaningful improvements arise from removing burdens rather than shifting them.

Wicked Problems in Sustainability

  • Sustainability is characterized as a "wicked problem," defined by its complexity and resistance to straightforward solutions.

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Related Documents

Unit 3 Sustainability PDF

Description

This quiz delves into Ehrenfeld's exploration of sustainability challenges. He critiques reductionist thinking, highlighting the need to address underlying causes rather than just symptoms of environmental issues. Understand the complexities of achieving true sustainability through systemic thinking.

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