Unit 3: Climate Change & Stratospheric Ozone

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Questions and Answers

The ______ layer of the atmosphere is responsible for absorbing most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

ozone

What is the main focus of Unit 3: Climate Change and Stratospheric Ozone?

Understanding the causes, impacts, and potential solutions to climate change, as well as the importance and threats to the stratospheric ozone layer.

The textbook used for this unit is available on Kerboodle.

True (A)

Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in Unit 3?

<p>Human Population Growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following quizzes with their corresponding topics:

<p>Topic 6.1 Quiz = Introduction to the Atmosphere Topic 6.2 Quiz = Climate Change Causes and Impacts Topic 6.3 Quiz = Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Topic 6.4 Quiz = Stratospheric Ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of assessment will focus primarily on each topic covered in Unit 3?

<p>Summative Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ESS Survey Assignment will be completed individually.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a resource for class today?

<p>Online forum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer, which protects us from ultraviolet radiation?

<p>Stratosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere and contains a significant amount of particles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main cells in the tricellular model of atmospheric circulation, and what are their general locations?

<p>The three main cells are the Hadley cell near the equator, the Ferrel cell in the mid-latitudes, and the Polar cell near the poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the layer of the atmosphere where meteors burn up to dust and is the coldest layer.

<p>mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following atmospheric layers with their corresponding characteristics:

<p>Troposphere = Contains the ozone layer Stratosphere = Location of auroras Mesosphere = Layer closest to Earth's surface Thermosphere = Coldest layer Exosphere = Transition to outer space</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two most abundant gases in the Earth's atmosphere?

<p>Nitrogen and Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atmosphere is a static system with no changes over time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of trace gases found in the Earth's atmosphere?

<p>Examples of trace gases include carbon dioxide, argon, water vapor, and other trace gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The atmosphere contains a mixture of ______ and ______, along with smaller amounts of other gases.

<p>nitrogen, oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following human activities with their potential impact on the food web in Algonquin Provincial Park:

<p>Hunting and fishing = Removal of species from the food chain Logging = Removal of species from the food chain / habitat destruction Development of tourism facilities = Habitat destruction / reduction of food sources Introduction of non-native species = Addition of predators or prey to the food web</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential impact of human activity on the food web in Algonquin Provincial Park?

<p>Increased biodiversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The composition of the Earth's atmosphere has remained constant throughout geological time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the atmosphere is a dynamic system.

<p>The atmosphere is a dynamic system because it involves inputs (like volcanic gases), outputs (like radiation), flows (like wind), and storages (like the atmosphere itself). These components constantly interact and change over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the final score in the class does the internal assessment account for?

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surveys are the only method to gather data for the internal assessment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the due date for the survey questions and data collection plan?

<p>January 24th</p> Signup and view all the answers

The internal assessment must be submitted as a _____ word written report.

<p>3,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the sampling methods with their descriptions:

<p>Systematic sampling = Selecting every nth individual from a list Random sampling = Every individual has an equal chance of being selected Stratified sampling = Dividing the population into subgroups before sampling Convenience sampling = Selecting individuals who are easiest to reach</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which greenhouse gas has the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP)?

<p>Methane (CH4) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water vapour is included in climate scenarios due to its long atmospheric lifetime.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of methane (CH4)?

<p>Natural gas, livestock, changes in forests and wetlands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The greenhouse gas with a GWP of 1 is __________.

<p>Carbon Dioxide (CO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following greenhouse gases with their Global Warming Potential (GWP):

<p>Carbon Dioxide (CO2) = 1 Methane (CH4) = 28 Fluorinated Gases = 14.6 Black Carbon = Up to 1500</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes black carbon?

<p>It has a warming impact up to 1,500 times stronger than CO2. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluorinated Gases are controlled by the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere?

<p>To maintain suitable temperatures for living systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Internal Assessment

An individual investigation of a research question in Environmental Systems and Societies, worth 25% of the final score.

Survey Design

The process of creating a survey, including question formulation, to collect data effectively.

Strengths of Surveys

Advantages of using surveys, such as ease of data collection and the ability to reach a wide audience.

Sampling Methods

Techniques used to select a subset of individuals from a population for survey research, including systematic and random sampling.

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Data Presentation

The methods used to display collected data from surveys, such as graphs and charts, for analysis and reporting.

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Climate Change

Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place.

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Anthropogenic Causes

Human activities contributing to environmental changes, especially climate change.

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Ozone Layer

A region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.

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Climate Change Mitigation

Efforts to reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases.

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Climate Change Adaptation

Adjusting practices, processes, and structures to minimize damage from climate change.

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Equilibrium Maintenance

The balance of ecological processes necessary for stable environment.

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Case Study Examples

In-depth investigations of specific instances relating to climate change.

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Formative Assessment

Assessment aimed at monitoring student learning to provide ongoing feedback.

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Troposphere

The lowest atmosphere layer, 0–10 km above Earth, where weather occurs.

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Stratosphere

Layer above the troposphere, 10–50 km high, containing the ozone layer.

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Mesosphere

The third atmosphere layer, coldest, where meteors burn up.

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Atmospheric Circulation Cells

Three cells (Polar, Ferrel, Hadley) drive climate patterns and precipitation.

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Differential Heating

Uneven heating of the globe that drives global climate patterns.

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Atmosphere Composition

The atmosphere is mainly made of nitrogen and oxygen, with smaller quantities of carbon dioxide, argon, and water vapour.

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Dynamic System

The atmosphere is a dynamic system, consisting of inputs, outputs, flows, and storages that change over time.

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Trace Gases

These are minor components of the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide, argon, and water vapour.

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Human Impact on Ecosystems

Human activities like logging, agriculture, and tourism can reduce the food chain and affect species availability.

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Deforestation

The clearing of forests which removes species and disrupts the food chain by destroying habitats.

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Introduced Species

Species such as cats and dogs that are brought into new ecosystems, often becoming predators or competitors.

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Agricultural Pollution

Runoff from agriculture can introduce pollutants that harm species and disrupt the food chain.

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Wildlife Management Issues

Activities like hunting and fishing can lead to species decline, affecting predator-prey relationships in the ecosystem.

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Global Warming Potential (GWP)

A measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas traps compared to CO2.

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Greenhouse Gas

Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

The main greenhouse gas from human activities, leading to climate change.

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Methane (CH4)

A potent greenhouse gas with a GWP 28 times higher than CO2, from natural gas and livestock.

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Fluorinated Gases

Industrial gases with significant GWP, used in cooling systems, controlled by regulations.

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Water Vapour (H2O)

The most common greenhouse gas, not included in GWP due to its fast cycle in the atmosphere.

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Black Carbon

A material with a warming impact up to 1,500 times stronger than CO2, lasting about 12 days.

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CO2 Equivalent (CO2e)

A score used to compare the heat-trapping effects of all greenhouse gases to CO2.

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Study Notes

Unit 3 Launch: Climate Change & Stratospheric Ozone

  • Resources for class today: Launch slides, textbook (kerboodle).
  • Materials preparation: Get materials and put phones and headphones in bags.

Unit 3: Climate Change and Stratospheric Ozone Launch

  • Species and Status:
  • Leatherback: Vulnerable
  • Flatback: Data deficient
  • Kemp's ridley: Critically endangered
  • Olive ridley: Vulnerable
  • Green: Endangered
  • Hawksbill: Critically endangered
  • Loggerhead: Vulnerable
  • Activity: Calculate the percentage of critically endangered sea turtle species from the provided figure.

6.1 Introduction to the Atmosphere

  • Atmospheric systems and stability: Detail how atmospheric systems contribute to the stability of life on Earth.

6.2 Climate Change Causes and Impacts

  • Anthropogenic climate change: Assess the extent to which climate change has occurred due to human-induced causes.
  • Perspectives on climate change: Discuss how differing perspectives play a role in responding to climate change challenges.

6.3 Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

  • Human societies and climate change: Examine how human societies can address climate change causes and consequences.

6.4 Stratospheric Ozone

  • Ozone layer equilibrium: Describe how the ozone layer maintains equilibrium.
  • Human impact on the ozone layer: Explain how human activities change ozone layer equilibrium.

Unit 3 Assessments

  • Formative assessments (Topic Quizzes):
  • Topic 6.1 Quiz: Sunday, January 19th
  • Topic 6.2 Quiz: Sunday, January 26th
  • Topic 6.3 Quiz: Sunday, February 2nd
  • Topic 6.4 Quiz: Sunday, February 16th
  • Summative assessment (Paper 2b): Wednesday, February 5th
  • ESS Survey Assignment:
  • Group work (1-4 students)
  • Survey focused on climate change and/or EVSs.
  • Survey questions overview: Friday, January 24th
  • Survey data submission: Friday, February 7th

Surveys and Internal Assessment in ESS

  • Internal assessment task: Design, implement, complete an individual investigation of an environmental system and societies (ESS) research question (3,000 words).
  • Assessment weighting: 25% of the final score.
  • Data collection methods: Surveys, secondary data (online), experiments, or field work.

Surveys in ESS

  • Textbook readings (step 1): Pages 56-65.
  • A3 poster summarization (Step 2): Choose ONE of the following: questionnaire/survey design, data collection methods (systematic, random, stratified, convenience samples), or data presentation.
  • Class sharing (step 3): Present your chosen survey aspect to the class.

Surveys in ESS (Task and Deadlines)

  • Task: Gather data using a survey of climate change and/or EVSs.
  • Deadlines:
  • Survey questions and plan due: Friday, January 24th
  • Survey results due: Friday, February 7th

6.1 Introduction to the Atmosphere (Additional Notes)

  • Resources for class: 6.1 slides & notes.
  • Material preparation: Get materials and put phones and headphones in bags.
  • Algonquin Provincial Park food web: Identify two ways human activity might affect the food web in Algonquin Provincial Park.

Atmosphere Layers

  • Atmospheric layers: Exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere.

Atmospheric Composition

  • Composition: Primarily nitrogen and oxygen with smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, argon, water vapor, and trace gases.

Atmospheric Dynamics

  • Dynamic system: The atmosphere is a dynamic system undergoing changes throughout geological time.

Layers of Earth's Atmosphere (Overview)

  • Atmospheric layers: Detail the layers of Earth's atmosphere, altitude, and temperatures.
  • Key reactions: Reactions connected to living systems occur in the inner layers, particularly the stratosphere (10–50 km above sea level) and the troposphere (0–10 km above sea level).

Greenhouse Effect

  • Incoming solar radiation: Incoming solar radiation is 340.
  • Reflected radiation: Reflected solar radiation is 100.
  • Absorbed/emitted radiation: Solar radiation absorbed by atmosphere, 80; surface to space 20; back radiation 345; infrared emission from surface 396.

Different Heating (Globe)

  • Uneven heating: Uneven heating of the globe drives global climate patterns based on the angle of sunlight throughout the year and differing surface areas of land and oceans.

Tricellular Model

  • Atmospheric circulation cells: Describe the polar, Ferrel, and Hadley circulation cells and their impact on precipitation and temperature differences.

Climate Zones

  • Temperature and precipitation: Different climate zones are determined by temperature and precipitation, which influence the presence of specific biomes.

Greenhouse Gases (GWP)

  • Global warming potential (GWP): A relative measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas traps compared to carbon dioxide.
  • Greenhouse gases and descriptions: Include a table of greenhouse gases, their atmospheric lifespans, and global warming potentials.

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