Unit 3 Cellular Respiration Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Describe the process of cellular respiration.

It is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. The equation is: oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy.

What are the products of glycolysis?

The process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Name the two main types of fermentation.

Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

What is a calorie?

A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water to 1 Celsius degree. Signup and view all the answers

How is the function of NAD⁺ similar to that of NADP⁺?

Both NAD⁺ and NADP⁺ accept and carry a pair of high-energy electrons. Signup and view all the answers

How are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation similar?

They are both chemical reactions which are known as anaerobic respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pyruvic acid during the Krebs cycle?

It is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. Signup and view all the answers

How does the electron transport chain use the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle?

To convert ADP into ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Why is cellular respiration considered to be much more efficient than glycolysis alone?

Because glycolysis only produces a net of 2 ATP, while cellular respiration as a whole produces 30+ ATP. Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of ATP are produced in the entire breakdown of glucose?

36 molecules when using aerobic respiration, but only 2 when using anaerobic. Signup and view all the answers

List in order the structures of the respiratory system through which air passes from the outside to the alveoli.

The nose/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Describe some of the health problems caused by smoking tobacco.

Smoking can cause respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the process of gas exchange in the lungs.

Oxygen dissolves in the moisture on the inner surface of the alveoli and then diffuses across the thin-walled capillaries into the blood. Carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how breathing is controlled.

Breathing is controlled by ordinary air pressure and the diaphragm, along with nervous system regulation. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process of photosynthesis, including the reactants and products.

Photosynthesis uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars. Signup and view all the answers

Why are light and chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll absorbs the light energy, which powers photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Why are plants green?

Because chlorophyll doesn't absorb light well in the green region of the spectrum, causing green light to bounce off. Signup and view all the answers

How well would a plant grow under pure yellow light? Explain your answer.

Plants would grow poorly under pure yellow light because chlorophyll is less effective at absorbing yellow light compared to other wavelengths. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration

Releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Equation: oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxide + water + energy.

Glycolysis

Initial stage of cellular respiration.
One glucose molecule is split, producing two pyruvic acid molecules.

Fermentation

Two main types: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

Calorie Definitions

A calorie raises the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C.
A Calorie on food labels equals 1000 calories (kilocalorie).

NAD⁺ and NADP⁺ Functionality

Both transport high-energy electrons; NAD⁺ in cellular respiration and NADP⁺ in photosynthesis.

Comparison of Fermentations

Alcoholic fermentation converts pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethanol, used in making wine and beer.
Lactic acid fermentation converts pyruvate to lactic acid; both are types of anaerobic respiration.

Krebs Cycle

Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide through a series of reactions, extracting energy.

Electron Transport Chain

Utilizes high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

Efficiency of Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration yields over 30 ATP compared to the 2 ATP from glycolysis, making it significantly more efficient.

ATP Production

Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP from glucose breakdown; anaerobic produces only 2 ATP.

Respiratory System Pathway

Air flow: nose/mouth → pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → lungs → alveoli.

Health Issues from Smoking

Causes respiratory diseases: chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer.

Gas Exchange Process

Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into the blood; carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into alveoli.

Breathing Control

Driven by air pressure and the diaphragm; controlled by the nervous system for automatic regulation.

Photosynthesis

Converts water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy sugars, requiring light and chlorophyll.

Role of Light and Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, essential for driving photosynthesis.

Plant Coloration

Plants appear green because chlorophyll reflects green light rather than absorbing it.

Plant Growth Under Yellow Light

Effectiveness may be reduced; plants absorb red and blue light better than yellow for optimal photosynthesis.

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Description

Test your knowledge of cellular respiration with this Unit 3 quiz. Explore key concepts such as the process of cellular respiration and the products of glycolysis to reinforce your understanding. Perfect for students looking to review the material covered in class.