Unit 2: Early Systems in AI

What is the primary goal of expert systems in artificial intelligence?

How do expert systems differentiate from simple memorization in problem-solving?

What are the two main components that make up expert systems?

Can you name one important branch of AI research that has evolved over the last 70 years?

What role did early abandoned approaches in AI play in the field's development?

How has the Prolog programming language impacted artificial intelligence?

What is the significance of machine learning in artificial intelligence?

Why is it important for expert systems to consider experiential knowledge?

What key term did Edward Feigenbaum define while working on expert systems?

What was the first notable application of expert systems?

Which system was developed for medical diagnoses of infectious diseases?

What significant achievement did expert systems contribute to in knowledge representation?

How do expert systems separate business logic from general logic in programming?

What does rapid prototyping allow in the context of expert systems?

What was a major downside of the classical expert system paradigm?

In what decade did expert systems reach a peak in research interest?

What is the main purpose of reinforcement learning in artificial intelligence?

How does the reward function contribute to reinforcement learning?

What is a significant feature of reinforcement learning compared to other learning methods?

Which well-known AI system exemplifies successful application of reinforcement learning and what games does it play?

In healthcare, how can AI agents improve patient treatment options?

What role do wearable devices play in AI healthcare applications?

Describe how AI can assist in managing physicians' patient schedules.

What is meant by low-dimensional projections in the context of high-dimensional feature spaces?

What does Tom Mitchell's definition of machine learning emphasize?

What is the main distinction between supervised learning and unsupervised learning?

In the context of supervised learning, what is the goal of regression?

Give an example of a classification task in supervised learning.

What is the primary objective of unsupervised learning?

What are clustering techniques primarily used for in unsupervised learning?

What is a common method employed in machine learning to improve performance over time?

How does the definition of machine learning reflect its evolution over time?

What is the primary function of case-based systems in expert systems?

How do rule-based systems represent knowledge?

What is the role of the inference engine in expert systems?

What early research efforts contributed to the development of expert systems?

What is a decision tree and how is it used in expert systems?

What challenge do case-based systems face when dealing with new problems?

In what way were general problem solvers considered a failure compared to expert systems?

What foundational belief guided the attempts to create expert systems from general problem solvers?

Based on the provided text, describe the analogy used to explain the function of Prolog. What are the key components of this analogy and how do they relate to Prolog?

Explain the difference between a 'predicate' and a 'clause' in the context of Prolog.

What types of information are typically declared at the start of a Prolog program? Give two examples.

What is the purpose of using variables in Prolog statements? Provide an example from the text.

How does Prolog's approach to logic programming differ from other programming paradigms?

Describe the role of 'matching patterns' in Prolog. How is this achieved?

What are 'goals' in the context of Prolog? How are they formulated and solved?

Explain the distinction between 'lowercase' and 'uppercase' letters in Prolog code.