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Questions and Answers
What is the primary issue caused by transportation barriers?
What is the primary issue caused by transportation barriers?
What constitutes activity limitations?
What constitutes activity limitations?
Which of the following best describes the impact of transportation barriers on families?
Which of the following best describes the impact of transportation barriers on families?
Which of the following best describes ADLs in the context of activity limitations?
Which of the following best describes ADLs in the context of activity limitations?
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How do transportation barriers affect individuals within a community?
How do transportation barriers affect individuals within a community?
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How do IADLs differ from ADLs?
How do IADLs differ from ADLs?
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What could be a long-term societal consequence of widespread transportation barriers?
What could be a long-term societal consequence of widespread transportation barriers?
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Which statement best encapsulates issues related to mobility as an activity limitation?
Which statement best encapsulates issues related to mobility as an activity limitation?
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Which statement reflects a misconception about the effects of transportation barriers?
Which statement reflects a misconception about the effects of transportation barriers?
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What is a critical component of understanding activity limitations?
What is a critical component of understanding activity limitations?
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Study Notes
Unit 10: Children With Special Needs
- Disability is part of being human, estimated to affect 16% of the global population.
- In Egypt (2020), over 20 million people had special needs, with varying degrees of disability.
- Disability arises from the interaction of health conditions, personal factors and environmental influences.
- Handicaps result from impairment or disability, limiting social roles.
- Children with special needs (CWSN) require special care and assistance, and may be described as "differently abled".
- Children with disabilities are broadly categorized as physically disabled, mentally disadvantaged, or socially maladjusted.
- Disabilities can be congenital or acquired.
- Congenital disabilities may be due to genetic disorders or prenatal exposure to harmful substances.
- Acquired disabilities may result from accidents, infections, or other factors.
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)
- ICF describes disability as impairments, activity limitations, or participation restrictions.
- Impairments are problems in body function or structure (physiological/anatomical).
- Activity limitations are difficulties in executing tasks or actions (e.g., self-care, daily living activities).
- Participation restrictions are problems experienced in life situations (social roles, education, employment).
- ICF considers body functions and structures, activities and participation, environmental factors, and personal factors.
- ICF presents a multi-dimensional evaluation of individuals' circumstances in terms of functioning, disability and health.
Causes of Major Handicapping Conditions
- Familial/genetic factors: Inherited diseases or anomalies (e.g., Down syndrome, deafness).
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Prenatal factors and perinatal factors:
- Infections during pregnancy
- Exposure to drugs, vaccines, or radiation during pregnancy
- Placental insufficiency (bleeding, smoking, hypertension)
- Maternal malnutrition (iodine deficiency)
- Moderate or severe asphyxia during labor
- Low birth weight or premature labor
- Low Apgar scores
- High bilirubin exposure
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Infantile and childhood factors:
- Feeding problems
- Convulsions, neurologic diseases
- Accidents, drowning, intoxications
- Infections (meningitis, encephalitis), chronic illnesses (e.g., nephritis, liver disease, epilepsy)
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Social factors:
- Family violence, child abuse and neglect
- Poverty
- Poor nutrition
Classification of Disabilities
- Physical disability: Impairments affecting movement, limbs, or daily life functions (e.g., cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury).
- Sensory disability: Impairments affecting senses such as sight, hearing, or speech (visual or auditory impairments).
- Intellectual disability: Significantly below-average intellectual functioning (IQ below 70) and limitations in adaptive functioning.
- Learning disabilities: Difficulties in processing information, language, or comprehension.
- Pervasive developmental disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorder): Delays in socialization and communication.
- Gifted and talented: High-level abilities in specific domains (academic, artistic, or athletic).
- Multiple disabilities: Combination of two or more disabilities.
Barriers and Challenges for Persons with Special Needs
- Attitudinal barriers: Stereotyping, stigma, prejudice.
- Communication barriers: Difficulty in conveying or receiving information.
- Physical barriers: Inability to access buildings or transportation (e.g., lack of ramps, accessible transportation).
Role of the Community Health Nurse
- Advocate for the health needs of the disabled at individual, family, and community levels.
- Provide information and resources to parents/families.
- Build partnerships with healthcare teams.
- Empower parents/families through education and support.
- Ensure access to diverse services tailored to individual needs.
Levels of Prevention
- Primordial prevention: Reducing risk factors (e.g., safe environment, good nutrition) to avert the emergence of disabling conditions.
- Primary prevention: Protecting from risk factors during vulnerable periods (e.g., vaccinations for rubella).
- Secondary prevention: Early identification and treatment of disability (e.g., screening for congenital malformations)
- Tertiary prevention: Disability limitation and rehabilitation (e.g., therapy, educational supports and life skills).
Types of Rehabilitation
- Medical, Physical, Education, Social and Occupational Rehabilitation.
Community Services
- Preventive, Curative, Rehabilitative and Educational services, Transportation, and Mass Media.
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Description
Explore the diverse aspects of children with special needs in this quiz. Learn about the categories of disabilities, the causes of congenital and acquired disabilities, and the importance of understanding disabilities within the context of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Test your knowledge and gain insights into the care required for differently abled children.
