Unit 1 Professional Nursing Quiz

Unit 1 Professional Nursing

• Review examples of professional comportment (behavior, bearing) displayed through words, actions, and presence
• Review client teaching in the hospital setting, noting when client teaching should occur (from admission to discharge)
• Review how to incorporate client preferences and values into a client's plan of care, including involving the client in care planning, providing access to care, information and education, emotional support, family and friends, continuity and transition, physical comfort, and coordination of care
• Review key aspects of achieving wellness, including active pursuit of wellness, physical activity, healthy eating habits, stress management, adequate sleep, and social connections/support system. Healthy habits are essential for achieving better mental and physical health.
• Review the percentage of social determinants of health that account for health outcomes (30%-55%).

Unit 1 Illness

• Review chronic illnesses that can precede dementia, including Vascular, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Lewy Body, HIV infection, Huntington's Disease, Atherosclerosis, and Type 2 diabetes.
• Review planning care for a client trying to stop drinking alcohol, covering coping mechanisms, and relapse prevention strategies, encouraging participation in support groups, and promoting healthy lifestyles and providing resources to support successful quitting.
• Review medical resources for clients without health insurance, such as free or public health clinics, recommending career counseling, working with a social worker
• Review the medical venue that would help a client coordinate chronic illness (primary care provider)
• Review medication treatment for sickle cell crisis, including hydroxyurea, IV pain relievers, such as opioids and anti-inflammatory medications
• Review examples of primary prevention, including eating low-fat, low-sugar, low-salt foods, exercising, and getting vaccinations
• Review recommended foods as part of the DASH diet, emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, poultry & fish, dry beans, fat-free dairy products and avoiding fatty & red meats, high-fat dairy products, sweetened drinks, and foods high in sugar, and processed foods

Unit 2 End of Life

• Review cultural considerations during end-of-life care, including cultural rituals, assessments, spiritual needs, and therapeutic communication
• Review client education for a client with type 1 diabetes experiencing frequent hypoglycemia, covering BG monitoring, diet education, manifestation of hypoglycemia, and treatment
• Review how hypothyroidism can affect a pregnant client, relating it to the developing fetus's reliance on the pregnant client's thyroid hormones and its impact on the infant's thyroid hormone levels before and after birth, impacting neurological development
• Review precautions for the hyperthyroidism treatment radioactive iodine, emphasizing containment of urine and bodily fluids, and educating clients about flushing after urination to protect others
• Review clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), including fruity odor breath, deep rapid Kussmaul respirations, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain, and presence of ketones in the body
• Review clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia, such as polyuria= increased urination

Unit 3 Alterations in Gas Exchange

• Review pathophysiology of an open pneumothorax, a sucking chest wound
• Normal O2 saturations for clients with pneumothorax (93-94% for adults, 94-96% for younger children)

Unit 3 Alterations in Digestion & Bowel Elimination

• 5-year survival rate of oral cancer (less than 20%)
• Precautions for clients with end-stage liver disease and ascites, including bleeding precautions (electric razors, soft-bristled brushes, avoiding flossing), avoiding NSAIDs, ensuring pressure application to broken skin, and avoiding falls and injuries
• Client manifestations of GERD (gastric secretions), regurgitation, throat or chest pains,
• Client teaching to avoid recurrence of pancreatitis (avoiding alcohol, smoking cessation, increasing fluid intake, eating fresh fruits and vegetables, and low-fat diet modifications)

Unit 3 Alterations in Kidney Function & Elimination

• Physiological effects of polycystic kidney disease (increased risk of depression/anxiety)
• Laboratory results expected for clients with progressing chronic kidney disease (GFR decrease < 15, increased urine albumin, elevated creatinine and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio)
• Client manifestations of renal calculi (severe pain in flank or back, pain during urination, obstruction in urinary tract, nausea, and vomiting)
• Risk factors for urinary retention (constipation, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), pelvic organ prolapse, age > 50, diabetes mellitus, and pelvic trauma)

Unit 3 Disrupted Homeostasis

• Client manifestations of respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation, wheezing, confusion, dizziness, dyspnea, orthopnea, high anxiety, fever, weakness, chills, numbness, and paresthesia (sometimes asymptomatic))

Unit 3 Alterations in Immunity & Inflammation

• Client conditions that increase the risk of sepsis (immunocompromised clients, a history of sepsis, chronic medical conditions, and recent severe illnesses)
• Review body systems affected by lupus (kidneys, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and serositis)

Unit 3 Cancer

• Most common type of breast cancer (ductal breast cancer)

Unit 3 Alterations in Cardiovascular Function & Perfusion

• Review of the heart's activity during atrial fibrillation (heart electrical signals are rapid and chaotic, irregular P-waves, ventricular rate can be normal or increased to 100-200 bpm)
• Pathophysiology of pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardial sac, which causes chest pain and other symptoms)
• High-risk factors for atrial flutter (clients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) with stent replacement, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, obstructive sleep apnea, and/or heavy smoking or alcohol use)
• Client dietary education for heart failure (reducing sodium intake to 2-3 grams per day, limiting fluid intake to 2 liters per day, and eliminating or decreasing caffeine)
• Review of surgical treatments for mitral valve stenosis (balloon valvuloplasty)

Unit 3 Alterations in Sexual Function

• Review risk factors for developing prostatitis, including UTI and STI
• Pathophysiology of primary syphilis (chancres appear, usually painless, and disappear with treatment)
• How a client is tested for gonorrhea (culture swab from cervix, rectum, or mouth; urine specimen; annual screening is recommended for sexually active individuals, especially those with male partners)

Unit 3 Alterations in Tissue Integrity

• Review cause of moisture-related skin issues (moisture, overhydration, increased susceptibility to shearing and friction, sweating, and incontinence)
• Ways to decrease skin tissue injuries in clients in the hospital setting (repositioning every 2 hours, keeping the client dry, maintaining proper skin care, and ensuring proper nutrition)

Unit 3 Alterations in Spinal Cord Function

• Potential triggers for exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (temperature sensitivity, hot/humid weather, and fever)
• Expected findings in cauda equine syndrome (spinal disc pressing nerve roots, spinal impairment, loss of sensation and movement in one or both legs, loss of bowel and urinary control, and loss of sexual ability)
• Client manifestations of multiple sclerosis (vision: monocular or homonymous vision loss, diplopia, optic neuritis; Cognitive: difficulty with concentration, memory impairment, executive function impairment; Sensory: paresthesia, loss of sensation, dysesthesias; Psychiatric: anxiety, depression; Vestibular: vertigo, gait issues; Bulbar: dysphagia, dysarthria; Motor: fatigue, spasticity, tremor, weakness; Urinary and bowel: incontinence, urgency, retention, reflex, diarrhea, constipation).

Unit 3 Alterations in Sensory Perception

• Manifestations of Meniere's disease (vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss)
• Health conditions that increase the risk for Meniere's disease (age, inadequate fluid drainage, history of autoimmune disease, migraine headaches, and viral infections)

Unit 4 Caring for the Surgical Client

• Review medication education to be included in postoperative teaching (medication regimen, proper use of medication, and new medications)
• Review circulatory assessments in the postoperative period (ABCD framework, cap refill, skin color, and temperature assessment of skin color)
• Review preventative postoperative complications (mobilization/early ambulation, incentive spirometry, provision of fluids and food, management of nausea and vomiting, and continuation of preoperative education)
• Postoperative patient experiences (respiratory depression, pain, nausea, and vomiting, and cognitive changes after anesthesia)
• Professional standards of performance for transplant nursing (patient assessment, nursing education, and best and safe practices)

Unit 5 Introduction to Critical Care & Emergency Nursing

• Review the SBAR framework components (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation).
• Facility protocols for media requests during disasters
• Colored tag system for patient assessments by healthcare providers.

Unit 5 Critical Alterations in Gas Exchange

• Most common cause of flail chest (blunt trauma to the chest)
• Pathophysiology of flail chest (inward movement of flail segment during inspiration followed by outward movement during expiration)
• Interventions to prevent further respiratory complications in flail chest (pain management)

Unit 5 Critical Alterations in Perfusion

• Description of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) (weakened and thinning of the aorta wall, dilation)
• Pathophysiology of distributive shock (decreased systemic vascular resistance and perfusion with systemic vasodilation)
• Manifestations of hypovolemic shock (decreased CO, decreased oxygen transportation)
• Preventative measures for heart disease (quitting smoking)

Unit 5 Critical Endocrine Dysfunction

• Review physical alterations associated with SIADH and HHS (body has too much water, hyponatremia, nausea, fatigue, confusion, muscle cramps, water intoxication, decreased urinary output, headache, and mental status changes in SIADH).
• Review laboratory findings for DKA (ABGs: pH < 7.3, HCO3 < 15, indicating metabolic acidosis).
• Review risk factors for HHS (age, African American/Native American or Hispanic ethnicity, obesity, and previous history of stress).
• Review causes of acquired central DI (neurosurgery, head trauma, autoimmune disorders, vascular diseases, sarcoidosis, and ischemia)
• Review lab findings that indicate worsening SIADH (hyponatremia < 135 mEq/L, headache, confusion, other classic signs)

This quiz covers key concepts in professional nursing, including effective client teaching, incorporation of client preferences, and strategies for achieving wellness. It emphasizes the significance of social determinants of health and their impact on health outcomes. Test your knowledge on the essential behaviors and actions that foster quality patient care in nursing.