Unit 1 Oceanography Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is oceanography?

Study of the ocean, its surroundings, and the life within it

List the five major oceans.

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern/Antarctic

Match each ocean with the continents that surround them:

Pacific = West North America Atlantic = East North America Indian = Asia Southern = Antarctica

Which ocean is the largest?

Pacific Signup and view all the answers

Which ocean is the deepest?

Pacific Signup and view all the answers

What are modern and ancient ways to navigate?

GPS Signup and view all the answers

What is the Marianas Trench?

The deepest point in the Pacific Ocean discovered by Triesta in 1960 Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the world’s oceans?

4 billion years Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Earth do the oceans cover?

71% Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the North Star and why is it important in oceanography?

Phoenician Star - Used for navigation around the Mediterranean Signup and view all the answers

What are the Polynesians referred to as due to their long-distance boat travel?

Seafarers Signup and view all the answers

Explain latitude and longitude.

Latitude - Distance from the equator North & South; Longitude - Distance from the Prime Meridian East & West Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Prime Meridian located?

Greenwich, England Signup and view all the answers

Where is the equator located?

0 degrees in the centre of the Earth Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the chronometer and what was its purpose?

John Harrison - Allowed sailors to determine their exact longitude & travel longer distances Signup and view all the answers

What is a submarine?

Submersible underwater vehicle Signup and view all the answers

What was first used for SCUBA diving in the mid-1800s?

Hard Hat Helmet Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered the first SCUBA with compressed air that is still used today?

Jacques Cousteau Signup and view all the answers

List nine pieces of equipment used during SCUBA diving.

Fins, Snorkel, Tank, Mask, Wetsuit, Weights/Belt, Buoyancy Control Device, Regulator, SPG Gauge Signup and view all the answers

List two major medical considerations in regards to SCUBA diving.

Hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which medical condition can be limited by making slow decompression stops?

Decompression Sickness Signup and view all the answers

List one advantage and one disadvantage to submersibles and SCUBA.

Severe illnesses Signup and view all the answers

What is a ROV?

Remotely Operated Vehicle Signup and view all the answers

What is an AUV?

Automated Underwater Vehicle Signup and view all the answers

What does GPS stand for and how does it work?

Global Positioning System - Satellites orbit Earth marking locations Signup and view all the answers

List two jobs that can be obtained with a degree in Oceanography.

Marine Engineer Signup and view all the answers

How does buoyancy affect a SCUBA diver?

Allows them to ascend and descend easier Signup and view all the answers

How does pressure affect a SCUBA diver as they descend?

Less air in your body Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition and Scope

Oceanography is the study of the ocean, its environment, and marine life.

Major Oceans

Five major oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern/Antarctic.
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean.

Oceanic Surroundings

Pacific Ocean: Bordered by West North America.
Atlantic Ocean: Bordered by East North America.
Indian Ocean: Bordered by Asia.
Southern Ocean: Surrounded by Antarctica.

Modern navigation: GPS (Global Positioning System).
Ancient navigation: Compass.
North Star, also known as the Phoenician Star, was crucial for navigation around the Mediterranean Sea.

Exploration Milestones

The Marianas Trench, the deepest oceanic point, was discovered by the vessel Triesta in 1960.
The age of the world's oceans is approximately 4 billion years.
The oceans cover about 71% of Earth's surface.

Coordinates and Measurements

Latitude measures distance from the equator (North & South).
Longitude measures distance from the Prime Meridian (East & West).
Prime Meridian located in Greenwich, England; Equator at 0 degrees through Earth's center.

The chronometer, invented by John Harrison, enabled sailors to determine exact longitude for extended voyages.

Diving Equipment

A submarine is defined as a submersible underwater vehicle.
Hard Hat Helmet was the first equipment used for SCUBA diving in the mid-1800s.
Jacques Cousteau developed the first SCUBA system with compressed air still in use today.

SCUBA Diving Equipment

Key SCUBA gear includes:
- Fins
- Snorkel
- Tank
- Mask
- Wetsuit
- Weights/Belt
- Buoyancy Control Device
- Regulator
- SPG Gauge

Health Considerations in Diving

Major medical concerns include hypothermia (excessive body cooling) and hypoxia (lack of oxygen).
Decompression sickness can be mitigated by making slow decompression stops.

Diving Technologies

ROV stands for Remotely Operated Vehicle, utilized for underwater exploration without direct human involvement.
AUV stands for Automated Underwater Vehicle, capable of performing tasks without direct control.

Career Opportunities

Careers in oceanography include marine biologist and marine engineer.

SCUBA Diving Principles

Buoyancy allows divers to ascend and descend effectively.
As divers descend, pressure increases, resulting in less air in their bodies.

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Description

This study guide covers the fundamental concepts of oceanography, including its definition, the five major oceans, and their surrounding continents. Perfect for students preparing for exams or seeking to enhance their understanding of oceanic studies.