Unit 1 - Digital Information

Unit 1 - Digital Information

• Binary: Represents information using only two options (0 or 1).
• Decimal: Represents information using ten options (0-9).
• Bit: Short for "Binary Digit," the basic unit of information in computing (0 or 1).
• Byte: Eight bits.
• Overflow Error: Occurs when trying to represent a number too large for the available space.
• Round-off Error: Occurs when trying to represent a number with too much precision; the value is rounded.
• Analog Data: Data with continuously changing values over time (e.g., music, color).
• Digital Data: Data changing in discrete steps through a finite set of values.
• Sampling: Measuring analog data at regular intervals to create a digital representation.
• Lossless Compression: Reduces bits without losing information; reversible.
• Lossy Compression: Reduces bits by discarding some information; irreversible.
• Intellectual Property: Creative works (writing, designs) with associated rights (patents, copyrights, trademarks).
• Creative Commons: Public copyright licenses allowing free distribution of copyrighted works.

Unit 2 - The Internet

• Computing Device: Machine running a program (computers, tablets, servers, routers).
• Computing System: Group of computing devices and programs working together.
• Computing Network: Connected computing devices sending and receiving data.
• Path: Sequence of connections between devices in a network.
• Bandwidth: Maximum data sent in a fixed time (bits per second).
• Protocol: Agreed-upon set of rules for system behavior.
• IP Address: Unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.
• Internet Protocol (IP): Protocol for sending data across the Internet.
• Router: Computer that forwards data across a network.
• Packet: Chunk of data sent over a network; can arrive out of order.
• Redundancy: Including extra components for fault tolerance (multiple paths between devices).
• Fault Tolerant: System that continues operating even with component failure.
• HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol; used for transmitting web pages.
• Domain Name System (DNS): Translates domain names (e.g., example.com) into IP addresses.
• Internet: Interconnected network using standardized communication protocols.
• World Wide Web: System of linked pages, programs, and files within the Internet.
• Digital Divide: Unequal access to computing devices and the Internet based on factors like socioeconomic status.

Unit 3 - Intro to App Design

• User Interface (UI): Inputs and outputs enabling user interaction with software (buttons, menus, etc.).
• Input: Data sent to a computer from a user (tactile, audio, visual, text).
• Output: Data sent from a program or device (tactile, audio, visual, text).
• Program Statement: Command or instruction.
• Program: Collection of program statements; executes commands sequentially.
• Sequential Programming: Statements run in order, top to bottom.
• Event-Driven Programming: Statements run in response to specific events (mouse click, key press).
• Documentation: Written description of how code works, used by others (and the original programmer).
• Comment: Code documentation ignored by program execution.
• Pair Programming: Two programmers collaborating on code; one writes, one plans / tracks.
• Debugging: Identifying and fixing problems in code or algorithms.
• Development Process: Steps to create software (e.g., investigating, designing, prototyping, testing).
• Event: Action triggering input data for a program (key press, mouse click).

Unit 4 - Variables, Conditionals, and Functions

• Expression: Combination of operators and values resulting in a single value.
• Assignment Operator: Changes a variable's value.
• Variable: Named reference to a value used in programs.
• String: Ordered sequence of characters.
• Boolean Value: Data type (true or false).
• Comparison Operators: (=, ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=); evaluate to true or false.
• Logical Operator: (NOT, AND, OR); evaluate to a Boolean value.
• Conditional Statement: Controls program flow based on Boolean conditions.
• Function: Named group of programming instructions.
• Function Call: Command executing the code within a function.

Unit 5 - Data

• Metadata: Data about data.
• Citizen Science: Scientific research involving distributed individuals contributing data.
• Cleaning Data: Making data uniform without changing meaning (e.g., standardizing spellings/abbreviations).
• Correlation: Relationship between two pieces of data (how one changes in relation to the other).
• Crowdsourcing: Obtaining input or information from a large number of people online.
• Information: Facts and patterns extracted from data.
• Data Bias: Data not accurately representing the full population/phenomenon.
• Data Filtering: Choosing a subset of data for analysis.

Explore the fundamental concepts of digital information in this quiz. Test your knowledge on binary systems, data types, and error handling, as well as the differences between analog and digital data. Understand key terms like bits, bytes, and intellectual property.