Unit 1 - Computer Basics

Computers are intelligent devices that, once programmed, can perform an activity continuously without human intervention.

Computers don't get tired, lose concentration, or lose interest, maintaining consistent speed and accuracy, even in extensive calculations.

Computers are dependable and can run for extended periods without significant data loss or malfunction.

Computers cannot create original works; they only replicate or copy existing work.

Early computers that used vacuum tubes for processing, punched cards for input and output, and machine language for programming.

The technology employed in the first generation of computers, using vacuum tubes for processing.

The programming language used in the first generation of computers.

First-generation computers were bulky, generated significant heat, and had limited commercial use.

The US Constitution mandates a population count every 10 years to determine representation in the House of Representatives.

Dr. Hollerith invented a system using punched cards to record census data, allowing for faster processing and tabulation.

Hollerith's machine used wire brushes to read punched cards, activating electric counters to tally the data.

Hollerith founded this company in 1896 to market his punched card system.

The Tabulating Machine Company merged with others to form the Computing Tabulating Recording Company, which later became IBM.

The war spurred a massive need for fast calculations, leading governments to fund research for improved computers.

The advancements made during World War II pushed the development of computers forward, revolutionizing the industry.

Punched cards, though outdated, were initially used to record data for input into computers.

A computer is an electronic device that can perform calculations, process data, and store information. It follows instructions given by a user or a program. It consists of hardware (physical parts) and software (programs).

Computer code is a set of instructions written in a language that computers can understand. It tells the computer what to do, like how to display text, perform calculations, or store data.

Computers perform four main operations: Input (receiving data), Processing (manipulating data), Output (displaying results), and Storage (saving data).

Computers offer benefits such as increased speed, accuracy, efficiency, and reduced errors. They can handle large amounts of data, automate tasks, and provide access to vast information.

Computers have drawbacks including potential health risks, environmental impact, vulnerability to failure, privacy concerns, and potential job displacement due to automation.

Exposure to computers for extended periods can lead to eye strain, back pain, repetitive strain injuries, and other health issues.

Computers are manufactured using hazardous materials, and their disposal poses environmental challenges. The production and use of computers contribute to pollution.

Computers hold sensitive personal data, and breaches in security can lead to identity theft and other privacy violations.

As computers become more powerful, they can replace human workers in many jobs. This has resulted in increased unemployment in some sectors.